Lời giải:

Ta có: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=1\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+xz=xyz\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+xy+yz+xz=x^2+xyz=x(x+yz)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+yz=\frac{x^2+xy+yz+xz}{x}=\frac{(x+y)(x+z)}{x}\)

\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{x+yz}=\sqrt{\frac{(x+y)(x+z)}{x}}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:\((x+y)(x+z)\geq (x+\sqrt{yz})^2\)

\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{x+yz}=\sqrt{\frac{(x+y)(x+z)}{x}}\geq \frac{x+\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{x}}\)

Hoàn toàn tương tự:

\(\sqrt{y+xz}\geq \frac{y+\sqrt{xz}}{\sqrt{y}}\); \(\sqrt{z+xy}\geq \frac{z+\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{z}}\)

Cộng theo vế các BĐT đã thu được ta có:

\(\text{VT}\geq \frac{x+\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{y+\sqrt{xz}}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{z+\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{z}}=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\frac{xy+yz+xz}{\sqrt{xyz}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}\geq \sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\frac{xyz}{\sqrt{xyz}}=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{xyz}=\text{VP}\)

Do đó ta có đpcm.

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=3\)

Lời giải:

Ta có:

\(\text{VT}=\frac{1}{x^2+y^2+2}+\frac{1}{y^2+z^2+2}+\frac{1}{z^2+x^2+2}\)

\(\Rightarrow 2\text{VT}=\frac{2}{x^2+y^2+2}+\frac{2}{y^2+z^2+2}+\frac{2}{z^2+x^2+2}\)

\(2\text{VT}=1-\frac{x^2+y^2}{x^2+y^2+2}+1-\frac{y^2+z^2}{y^2+z^2+2}+1-\frac{z^2+x^2}{z^2+x^2+2}\)

\(2\text{VT}=3-\left(\frac{x^2+y^2}{x^2+y^2+2}+\frac{y^2+z^2}{y^2+z^2+2}+\frac{z^2+x^2}{z^2+x^2+2}\right)=3-A\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(A\geq \frac{(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+\sqrt{y^2+z^2}+\sqrt{z^2+x^2})^2}{2(x^2+y^2+z^2)+6}=\frac{(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+\sqrt{y^2+z^2}+\sqrt{z^2+x^2})^2}{2(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz+xz)}(*)\)

Xét tử số:

\((\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+\sqrt{y^2+z^2}+\sqrt{z^2+x^2})^2\)

\(=2(x^2+y^2+z^2)+2(\sqrt{(x^2+y^2)(x^2+z^2)}+\sqrt{(x^2+y^2)(y^2+z^2)}+\sqrt{(y^2+z^2)(z^2+x^2)})\)

Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:

\(\sqrt{(x^2+y^2)(x^2+z^2)}\geq \sqrt{(x^2+yz)^2}=x^2+yz\)

\(\sqrt{(x^2+y^2)(y^2+z^2)}\geq \sqrt{(xz+y^2)^2}=xz+y^2\)

\(\sqrt{(y^2+z^2)(z^2+x^2)}\geq \sqrt{(z^2+xy)^2}=z^2+xy\)

\(\Rightarrow \sum \sqrt{(x^2+y^2)(x^2+z^2)}\geq x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz+xz\)

\(\Rightarrow (\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+\sqrt{y^2+z^2}+\sqrt{z^2+x^2})^2\geq 4(x^2+y^2+z^2)+2(xy+yz+xz)\)

\(\geq 3(x^2+y^2+z^2)+3(xy+yz+xz)=3(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz+xz)\)

(theo BĐT AM-GM)

Do đó: Từ \((*)\Rightarrow A\geq \frac{3(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz+xz)}{2(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz+xz)}=\frac{3}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow 2\text{VT}\leq 3-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\leq \frac{3}{4}\) (đpcm)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)

We have: \(\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2+2}=\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2+2-z^2}\le\dfrac{1}{5-z^2}\)

Similarly and by adding them:

\(\dfrac{1}{5-x^2}+\dfrac{1}{5-y^2}+\dfrac{1}{5-z^2}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\circledast\right)\)

We know that \(\dfrac{1}{5-x^2}\le\dfrac{3\left(x^2+x\right)}{8\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)^2\left(3x^2+9x+8\right)}{8\left(x^2-5\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\le0\) It's obviously

\(\Rightarrow L.H.S_{\left(\circledast\right)}\le\dfrac{3}{8}\left(\dfrac{x^2+x}{x^2+x+1}+\dfrac{y^2+y}{y^2+y+1}+\dfrac{z^2+z}{z^2+z+1}\right)\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)

The equality occur when \(x=y=z=1\)

Done!

Lời giải:

Ta có:

\(A=x^3-3x^2+x+2=x^2(x-2)-x(x-2)-(x-2)\)

\(A=(x-2)(x^2-x-1)\)

Xét TH \(x^2-x-1<0\Leftrightarrow 4x^2-4x-4<0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (2x-1)^2-5<0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (2x-1)^2<5<9\)

\(\Leftrightarrow -3< 2x-1< 3\Leftrightarrow -1< x< 2\)

Thử \(x=0; 1\) có \(x=1\) thỏa mãn.

Xét TH \(x^2-x-1\geq 0\Rightarrow x-2\geq 0\)

Gọi $d$ là ước chung lớn nhất giữa \((x-2, x^2-x-1)\)

\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x-2\vdots d\rightarrow (x-2)(x+1)\vdots d\\ x^2-x-1\vdots d\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow (x^2-x-2)-(x^2-x-1)\vdots d\)

\(\Leftrightarrow 1\vdots d\Rightarrow d=1\)

Do đó $x-2, x^2-x-1$ nguyên tố cùng nhau. Do đó để A là số chính phương thì bản thân $x-2$ và $x^2-x-1$ là số chính phương

Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} x-2=a^2\\ x^2-x-1=b^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét \(x^2-x-1=b^2\) với \(b\in\mathbb{Z}\). Ta có thể coi \(b\geq 0\)

\(\Rightarrow 4x^2-4x-4=(2b)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow (2x-1)^2-5=(2b)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow 5=(2x-1-2b)(2x-1+2b)\)

Vì \(2x-1-2b\leq 2x-1+2b\) nên xét các TH sau:

TH1: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 2x-1-2b=1\\ 2x-1+2b=5\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow 4x-2=6\Rightarrow x=2\) (thỏa mãn)

TH2: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 2x-1-2b=-5\\ 2x-1+2b=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow 4x-2=-6\Rightarrow x=-1\) (vô lý vì \(x-2\geq 0\) )

Vậy \(x\in\left\{1; 2\right\}\)

Xét phương trình (2):

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+4y^2}{2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+2xy+4y^2}{3}}=x+2y\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+4y^2}{2}}-2y+\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+2xy+4y^2}{3}}-x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\dfrac{x^2+4y^2}{2}-4y^2}{\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+4y^2}{2}}+2y}+\dfrac{\dfrac{x^2+2xy+4y^2}{3}-x^2}{\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+2xy+4y^2}{3}}+x}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\dfrac{x^2-4y^2}{2}}{\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+4y^2}{2}}+2y}+\dfrac{\dfrac{-2x^2+2xy+4y^2}{3}}{\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+2xy+4y^2}{3}}+x}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\dfrac{\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)}{2}}{\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+4y^2}{2}}+2y}+\dfrac{\dfrac{-2\left(x+y\right)\left(x-2y\right)}{3}}{\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+2xy+4y^2}{3}}+x}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y\right)\left(\dfrac{\dfrac{x+2y}{2}}{\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+4y^2}{2}}+2y}+\dfrac{\dfrac{-2\left(x+y\right)}{3}}{\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+2xy+4y^2}{3}}+x}\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x-2y=0\Rightarrow x=2y\)

Thay vào phương trình (1):

\(pt\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(2y-1\right)\left(8y^3+6y+1\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{1}{2}\Rightarrow x=1\)

Nghiệm kia xấu quá mình cho qua nhé :)

1 nhân tử là x-2y

Câu nào biết thì mink làm, thông cảm !

Bài 1:

1) Cho \(a=1\) ta được:

\(\hept{\begin{cases}x-y=2\\x+y=3\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x=5\\x+y=3\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{5}{2}\\\frac{5}{2}+y=3\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{5}{2}\\y=\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}}\)

2) Cho \(a=\sqrt{3}\) ta được:

\(\hept{\begin{cases}x-y=2\\x+y=3\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x\sqrt{3}-y=2\\x+y\sqrt{3}=3\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}3x-y\sqrt{3}=2\sqrt{3}\\x+y\sqrt{3}=3\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}4x=3+2\sqrt{3}\\x+y\sqrt{3}=3\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{3+2\sqrt{3}}{4}\\\frac{3+2\sqrt{3}}{4}+y\sqrt{3}=3\end{cases}}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{3+2\sqrt{3}}{4}\\y=\frac{-2+3\sqrt{3}}{4}\end{cases}}\)

Bữa sau làm tiếp

Ta có: \(5x^2+6xy+5y^2=4\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2\ge4\left(x+y\right)^2\)

tương tự: \(5y^2+6yz+5z^2\ge4\left(y+z\right)^2\) ;\(5z^2+6xz+5z^2\ge4\left(x+z\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{2\left(x+y\right)}{x+y+2z}+\dfrac{2\left(y+z\right)}{y+z+2x}+\dfrac{2\left(x+z\right)}{x+z+2y}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{P}{2}\ge\dfrac{x+y}{x+y+2z}+\dfrac{y+z}{y+z+2x}+\dfrac{x+z}{x+z+2y}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{P}{2}\ge\dfrac{x+y}{\left(x+z\right)+\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{y+z}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{x+z}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)}\)Theo BDT Nesbit

\(\dfrac{x+y}{\left(x+z\right)+\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{y+z}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{x+z}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Vậy \(\dfrac{P}{2}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow P\ge3\)

Min P = 3 khi x = y = z

https://diendantoanhoc.net/topic/179009-sumsqrtxy-4sqrtxsqrty2/

Đặt \(\left(a^{\dfrac{1}{3}};b^{\dfrac{1}{3}};c^{\dfrac{1}{3}}\right)\rightarrow\left(x;y;z\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x,y,z>0\\xyz=1\\\left(a^3;b^3;c^3\right)\rightarrow\left(x^9;y^9;z^9\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(BDT\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2x^9+3x^3+2}+\dfrac{1}{2y^9+3y^3+2}+\dfrac{1}{2z^9+3z^3+2}\ge\dfrac{3}{7}\)

Ta có BĐT: \(\dfrac{1}{2x^9+3x^3+2}\ge\dfrac{3}{7\left(x^{12}+x^6+1\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(7x^9+x^6+8x^3-1\right)}{7\left(x^6-x^3+1\right)\left(x^6+x^3+1\right)\left(2x^9+3x^3+2\right)}\ge0\) *Đúng*

Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại rồi cộng theo vế:

\(VT\ge\dfrac{3}{7}\left(\dfrac{1}{x^{12}+x^6+1}+\dfrac{1}{y^{12}+y^6+1}+\dfrac{1}{z^{12}+z^6+1}\right)\)

Cần chứng minh \(\dfrac{1}{x^{12}+x^6+1}+\dfrac{1}{y^{12}+y^6+1}+\dfrac{1}{z^{12}+z^6+1}\ge1\)

Đặt tiếp \(\left(x^6;y^6;z^6\right)\rightarrow\left(n;h;t\right)\) thì có:

\(\dfrac{1}{n^2+n+1}+\dfrac{1}{h^2+h+1}+\dfrac{1}{t^2+t+1}\ge1\forall nht=1;n,h,t>0\)

Cái này đã làm rồi Here - còn tại sao lại đặt và có BĐT phụ như vậy thì ko nói nhé :)

cảm ơn bn nhé