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nH2=6,72/22,4=0,3 mol
Mg + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) MgCl + H2
a a mol
Fe + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) FeCl2 +H2
b b mol
ta có 24a + 56b =13,6
và a + b=0,3
=>a=0,1 mol , b=0,2 mol
=>mMg=0,2*24=2,4 g
=>%Mg=2,48100/13,6=17,65%
=>%Fe=100-17,65=82,35%
nMgCl2=nMg=0,1mol=>mMgCl2=0,1*95=9,5 g
nFeCl2=nFe=0,2 mol=>mFeCl2 = 0,2*127=25,4 g
nHCl=nMg+nFe=0,1+0,2=0,3mol
=>CMHCl=0,3/0,4=0,75M
\(n_{HCl} = \dfrac{448.1,12.3,65\%}{36,5} = 0,50176(mol)\\ Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\\ ZnO + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2O\\ n_{Zn} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{2,24}{22,4} = 0,1(mol)\\ n_{ZnO} = \dfrac{n_{HCl} - 2n_{Zn}}{2} = \dfrac{0,50176-0,1.2}{2} = 0,15088(mol)\\ \%m_{Zn} = \dfrac{0,1.65}{0,1.65 + 0,15088.81}.100\% = 34,72\%\\ \%m_{ZnO} = 65,28\%\)
NaBr + AgNO3 \(\rightarrow\)AgBr + NaNO3
NaCl + AgNO3 \(\rightarrow\) AgCl + NaNO3
\(C_M=0,5M\Rightarrow n_{AgNO_3}=0,025\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol NaBr và NaCl
Ta có : x + y = 0,025
103x - 58,5y = 0
\(\Rightarrow x=9,0557.10^{-3};y=0,01594\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%=\frac{0,594.58,5}{50}.100\%=1,865\%\)
NaBr + AgNO3 →→AgBr + NaNO3
NaCl + AgNO3 →→ AgCl + NaNO3
CM=0,5M⇒nAgNO3=0,025(mol)CM=0,5M⇒nAgNO3=0,025(mol)
Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol NaBr và NaCl
Ta có : x + y = 0,025
103x - 58,5y = 0
⇒x=9,0557.10−3;y=0,01594⇒x=9,0557.10−3;y=0,01594
⇒C%=0,594.58,550.100%=1,865%⇒C%=0,594.58,550.100%=1,865%
Dd Y có HCl. → Ba(OH)2 pư hết, HCl dư.
Ta có: \(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,3.0,05=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,01.\left(0,3+0,5\right)=0,008\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\)
______0,015___0,03_____0,015 (mol)
⇒ nHCl = 0,03 + 0,008 = 0,038 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow b=C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,038}{0,5}=0,076\left(M\right)\)
- Khi cô cạn dd thì HCl bay hơi hết, chất rắn khan là BaCl2,
m cr khan = mBaCl2 = 0,015.208 = 3,12 (g)
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Sigma n_{HCl}=0,4\cdot2=0,8\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,1mol\\n_{Al_2O_3}=0,1mol\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2O_3}=0,1\cdot102=10,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,1\cdot24=2,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{hh}=10,2+2,4=12,6\left(g\right)\)
Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,1mol\\n_{AlCl_3}=2n_{Al_2O_3}=0,2mol\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgCl_2}=0,1\cdot95=9,5\left(g\right)\\m_{AlCl_3}=0,2\cdot133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHCl}=400\cdot1,2=480\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,1\cdot2=0,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=492,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{9,5}{492,4}\cdot100\%\approx1,93\%\\C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{26,7}{492,4}\cdot100\%\approx5,42\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi n Fe = a (mol )
n Mg = b (mol ) (a,b > 0)
--> 56a+24b = 13,2
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
a 2a a a
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
b 2b b b
----> a+b=0,35
Ta có hệ Pt :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+24b=13,2\\a+b=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải hệ PT , ta có :
a= 0,15
b = 0,2 (mol )
\(V_{HClđủ}=\left(0,15.2+0,2.2\right):0,5=1,4\left(l\right)\)
\(a,m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{13,2}.100\%\approx63,64\%\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{13,2}.100\%\approx36,36\%\)
\(b,m_{FeCl_2}=0,15.127=19,05\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{MgCl_2}=0,2.95=19\left(g\right)\)
\(c,HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
0,2 0,2
\(m_{NaOH}=\dfrac{100.8}{100}=8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{HCldư}=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,5}=0,4\left(l\right)\)
\(V_{HCl}=V_{HClđủ}+V_{HCldư}=1,4+0,4=1,8\left(l\right)\)
nCaCO3=\(\dfrac{50}{100}\)=0,5(mol)
PTHH: CaCO3+2HCl→CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑
Theo PT ta có: nCaCO3=nCaCl2=nCO2=0,5(mol)
Theo PT ta có: nHCl=0,5.21=1(mol)
⇒mddHCl=\(\dfrac{1.36,5}{20\%}\)=182,5(g)
⇒mddsau−pư=mCaCO3+mHCl−mCO2
⇔mddHCl=50+182,5−22=210,5(g)
⇒C%CaCl2=\(\dfrac{0,5.111}{210,5}\).100%≈26,37%
nCaCO3 = 50/100 = 0,5 (mol(
PTHH: CaCO3 + 2HCl -> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
Mol: 0,5 ---> 0,1 ---> 0,5 ---> 0,5 ---> 0,5
mHCl = 1 . 36,5 = 36,5 (g)
mddHCl = 36,5/20% = 182,5 (g)
mCO2 = 0,5 . 44 = 22 (g)
mdd (sau p/ư) = 50 + 182,5 - 22 = 210,5 (g)
mCaCl2 = 0,5 . 111 = 55,5
C%CaCl2 = 55,5/210,5 = 26,36%
