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\(M=\dfrac{10^{20}+1}{10^{19}+1}\)
\(N=\dfrac{10^{21}+1}{10^{20}+1}< \dfrac{10^{21}+1+9}{10^{20}+1+9}=\dfrac{10^{21}+10}{10^{20}+10}=\dfrac{10\left(10^{20}+1\right)}{10\left(10^{19}+1\right)}=\dfrac{10^{20}+1}{10^{19}+1}=M\)
\(\Rightarrow N< M\)
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Chứng minh nếu a/b < 1 => a/b < a+m/b+m (a,b,m thuộc N*)
Do a/b < 1 => a < b
=> am < bm
=> am + ab < bm + ab
=> a.(b+m) < b.(a+m)
=> a/b < a+m/b+m
Áp dụng điều trên ta có: B = 1020 + 1/ 1021 + 1 < 1
=> B < 1020 + 1 + 9/1021 + 1 + 9
=> B < 1020 + 10/1021 + 10
=> B < 10.(1019 + 1)/10.(1020 + 1)
=> B < 1019+1/1020+1 = A
=> B < A
b) n + 1 chia hết cho n - 2
=> n - 2 + 3 chia hết cho n - 2
Do n - 2 chia hết cho n - 2
=> 3 chia hết cho n - 2
=> n - 2 thuộc { 1 ; -1 ; 3 ; -3}
=> n thuộc { 3 ; 1 ; 5 ; -1}
Vậy n thuộc { 3 ; 1 ; 5 ; -1}
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Ta có :
\(\frac{10^{20}+1}{10^{21}+1}< \frac{10^{20}+1+9}{10^{21}+1+9}=\frac{10^{20}+10}{10^{21}+10}=\frac{10\left(10^{19}+1\right)}{10\left(10^{20}+1\right)}=\frac{10^{19}+1}{10^{20}+1}\)
Vậy \(\frac{10^{19}+1}{10^{20}+1}>\frac{10^{20}+1}{10^{21}+1}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta dùng bất đẳng thức\(\frac{a}{b}<\frac{a+n}{b+n}\left(n\ne0\right)\)
Ta có \(B=\frac{10^{20}+1}{10^{21}+1}<\frac{10^{20}+1+9}{10^{21}+1+9}<\frac{10^{20}+10}{10^{21}+10}<\frac{10\left(10^{19}+1\right)}{10\left(10^{20}+1\right)}\)
\(<\frac{10^{19}+1}{10^{20}+1}\)
Vậy \(A>B\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có:\(B=\frac{10^{20}+1}{10^{21}+1}< 1\Rightarrow B=\frac{10^{20}+1}{10^{21}+1}< \frac{10^{20}+1+9}{10^{21}+1+9}=\frac{10^{20}+10}{10^{21}+10}=\frac{10\left(10^{19}+1\right)}{10\left(10^{20}+1\right)}=\frac{10^{19}+1}{10^{20}+1}=A\)
=> A > B
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: A=\(\frac{10^{20}+1}{10^{21}+1}\)< 1 => \(\frac{10^{20}+1+9}{10^{21}+1+9}\)<1 => \(\frac{10^{20}+1+9}{10^{21}+1+9}\) = \(\frac{10^{20}+10}{10^{21}+10}\)=\(\frac{10.\left(10^{19}+1\right)}{10.\left(10^{20}+1\right)}\)=\(\frac{10^{19}+1}{10^{20}+1}\)=>B<A
M = \(\dfrac{10^{20}+1}{10^{19}+1}\) = 10 - \(\dfrac{9}{10^{19}+1}\) ; N = \(\dfrac{10^{21}+1}{10^{20}+1}\) = 10 - \(\dfrac{9}{10^{20}+1}\)
Vì \(\dfrac{9}{10^{19}+1}\) > \(\dfrac{9}{10^{20}+1}\)
⇒ M < N (phân số nào có phần bù lớn hơn thì phân số đó nhỏ hơn)
\(M=\dfrac{10^{20}+1}{10^{19}+1}\)
\(N=\dfrac{10^{21}+1}{10^{20}+1}< \dfrac{10^{21}+1+9}{10^{20}+1+9}=\dfrac{10^{21}+10}{10^{20}+10}=\dfrac{10\left(10^{20}+1\right)}{10\left(10^{19}+1\right)}=\dfrac{10^{20}+1}{10^{19}+1}=M\)
\(\Rightarrow N< M\)