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\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\\ \Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ac\left(a+b+c\ne0\right)\\ \Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2=2ab+2bc+2ac\\ \Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2=0\\ \Rightarrow a=b=c\\ \Rightarrow B=\dfrac{2}{a}.\dfrac{2}{b}.\dfrac{2}{c}=\dfrac{8}{abc}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\left(a;b;c;d\ne0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)
b) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{5a}{5c}=\dfrac{3b}{3d}=\dfrac{5a+3b}{5c+3d}=\dfrac{5a-3b}{5c-3d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{5a+3b}{5a-3b}=\dfrac{5c+3d}{5c-3d}\)
\(\Rightarrow dpcm\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Lời giải
\(\left(a^2+\dfrac{1}{a^2}\right)\left(b^2+\dfrac{1}{b^2}\right)\left(c^2+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)\ge8\)
\(A=\left(a^2+\dfrac{1}{a^2}\right)\left(b^2+\dfrac{1}{b^2}\right)\left(c^2+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)\)
\(A=\left[\left(a^2+\dfrac{1}{a^2}-2\right)+2\right].\left[\left(a^2+\dfrac{1}{a^2}-2\right)+2\right].\left[\left(a^2+\dfrac{1}{a^2}-2\right)+2\right]\)
\(A=\left[\left(a-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2+2\right].\left[\left(a-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2+2\right].\left[\left(a-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2+2\right]\)Thừa nhận cần c/m câu khác: \(\left(x-\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\left[\left(0\right)+2\right].\left[\left(0\right)+2\right].\left[\left(0\right)+2\right]=8\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge8\forall_{a,b,c\ne0}\)=> dpcm
Đẳng thức khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|a\right|=1\\\left|b\right|=1\\\left|c\right|=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\pm1\\b=\pm1\\c=\pm1\end{matrix}\right.\) Không tin bạn thử a=b=c=-1<0 vào thử xem
Có một chút vần đề nha ĐK phải là a,b,c > 0 nhé
bài này ta sẽ chứng minh lần lượt \(a^2+\dfrac{1}{a^2};b^2+\dfrac{1}{b^2};c^2+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\)lớn hơn hoặc bằng 2
Ta sẽ giả sử
\(a^2+\dfrac{1}{a^2}\ge2\)(2)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2+\dfrac{1}{a^2}\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2-2a\times\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{a^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng) (1)
BĐT (2) đúng suy ra BĐT (1) đúng
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=\dfrac{1}{a}\Leftrightarrow a^2=1\Leftrightarrow a=1\)(*)
CMTT ta có : \(b^2+\dfrac{1}{b^2}\ge2\) (=) b = 1 (**)
\(c^2+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\ge2\) (=) c = 1 (***)
Nhân vế theo vế của (*) , (**) , (***) ta được
\(\left(a^2+\dfrac{1}{a^2}\right).\left(b^2+\dfrac{1}{b^2}\right).\left(c^2+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\right)\ge2^3=8\)(đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a = b = c = 1
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Lời giải:
Từ \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}=0\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2(ab+bc+ac)=0\)
Cộng cả hai vế với \(a^2+b^2+c^2\) thì:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+2(ab+bc+ac)=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
Do đó ta có đpcm.
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac=0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a}=x\\\dfrac{1}{b}=y\\\dfrac{1}{c}=z\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x+y+z=0\) \(\Rightarrow z=-\left(x+y\right)\)
Đẳng thức cần chứng minh: \(x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\) với \(x+y+z=0\)
Ta có:
\(x^3+y^3+z^3=x^3+y^3-\left(x+y\right)^3=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)-\left(x+y\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2-\left(x+y\right)^2\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(-3xy\right)\)
\(=-\left(x+y\right).3xy=z.3xy=3xyz\)
Vậy \(x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}=\dfrac{3}{abc}\)
\(\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt x/a=y/b=z/c=k
=>x=ak; y=bk; z=ck
\(\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}=\dfrac{a^2k^2+b^2k^2+c^2k^2}{\left(a\cdot ak+b\cdot bk+c\cdot ck\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{k^2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{k^2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1.
Ta có:
\(x^4+y^4\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x^2+y^2\right)xy\)
Đặt vế trái của BĐT cần chứng minh là P, áp dụng bồ đề vừa chứng minh ta có:
\(P\le\dfrac{a.abc}{bc\left(b^2+c^2\right)+a.abc}+\dfrac{b.abc}{ca\left(c^2+a^2\right)+b.abc}+\dfrac{c.abc}{ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)+c.abc}\)
\(P\le\dfrac{a^2.bc}{bc\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2.ac}{ca\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2.ab}{ab\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
2.
\(\dfrac{x^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{y^2}{z+x}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+y}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
2a)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+a+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}=\dfrac{1}{a+c+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\)
Chứng minh rằng \(\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ( đpcm )
Vì \(\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Mà \(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
2b)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+a^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2}=2a\\1+b^2\ge2\sqrt{b^2}=2b\\1+c^2\ge2\sqrt{c^2}=2c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}\le\dfrac{a}{2a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}\le\dfrac{b}{2b}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{c}{2c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài 1)
Nháp : nhìn nhanh ta thấy nên áp dụng BĐT \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Giải
Vì x,y > 0 =) 2x + y > 0 , x + 2y > 0
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy dạng phân thức cho hai bộ số không âm \(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}\)và\(\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+2y}+\dfrac{1}{2x+y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+2y+2x+y}=\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x+3y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\right)\ge\left(3x+3y\right).\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}=4\)
Dấu '' = "xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x + 2y = y + 2x (=) x=y
a,b,c > 0
Theo bất đẳng thức Schwarz
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{4}{a+b+c}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2-4}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{5}{a+b+c}>0\)