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Không mất tính tổng quát giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c>0\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}b+c\le a+c\le a+b\\\frac{a^a}{b+c}\ge\frac{b^a}{c+a}\ge\frac{c^a}{a+b}\end{cases}}\)
Sử dụng bất đẳng thức Chebyshev cho 2 dãy đơn ngược chiều ta có:
\(VT\left(1\right)=\frac{1}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\left(\frac{a^a}{b+c}+\frac{b^a}{c+a}+\frac{c^a}{a+b}\right)\left[\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)+\left(a+b\right)\right]\ge\)
\(\frac{1}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\cdot3\left[\frac{a^a}{b+c}\left(b+c\right)+\frac{b^a}{c+a}\left(c+a\right)+\frac{c^a}{a+b}\left(a+b\right)\right]=\frac{3\left(a^a+b^a+c^a\right)}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\)\(=\frac{3}{2}\cdot\frac{a^a+b^a+c^a}{a+b+c}\)
=> đpcm
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Với $a,b,c>0$ thì $a^3+b^3+3abc> ab(a+b+c)$ chứ không có dấu "=" nhé bạn. Còn về cách làm thì bạn Trương Huy Hoàng đã làm rất chi tiết rồi.
a3 + b3 + 3abc \(\ge\) ab(a + b + c)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a3 + b3 + 3abc - a2b - ab2 - abc \(\ge\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a3 + b3 + 2abc - a2b - ab2 \(\ge\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a2(a - b) - b2(a - b) + 2abc \(\ge\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a - b)(a2 - b2) + 2abc \(\ge\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a - b)2(a + b) + 2abc \(\ge\) 0 (luôn đúng với mọi a, b, c > 0)
Chúc bn học tốt!
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1. (a+b)^2 ≥ 4ab
<=> a2+2ab+b2≥ 4ab
<=> a2+2ab+b2-4ab≥ 0
<=> a2-2ab+b2≥ 0
<=> (a-b)^2 ≥ 0 ( luôn đúng )
2. a^2 + b^2 + c^2 ≥ ab + bc + ca
<=> 2a^2 + 2b^2 + 2c^2 ≥ 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
<=> 2a^2 + 2b^2 + 2c^2 - 2ab - 2bc - 2ca ≥ 0
<=> (a^2- 2ab+b^2) + (b^2-2bc+c^2) + (c^2-2ca+a^2) ≥ 0
<=> (a-b)^2 + (b-c)^2 + (c-a)^2 ≥ 0 ( luôn đúng)
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\(VT=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ca}+\dfrac{b^2}{ab+bc}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+bc}\ge\left(Schwarz\right)\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Mà theo Cô-si ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2\ge2ab\\b^2+c^2\ge2bc\\c^2+a^2\ge2ca\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) (hằng đẳng thức)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c
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\(C=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+1+\frac{b}{c+a}+1+\frac{c}{a+b}+1\ge\frac{3}{2}+1+1+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{b+c}+\frac{a+b+c}{c+a}+\frac{a+b+c}{a+b}\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)+\left(a+b\right)\right]\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\ge9\left(^∗\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy :
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)+\left(a+b\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}\\\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\end{cases}}\)
Nhân vế của các bđt ta được :
\(VT\left(^∗\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}\cdot3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}}=9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
đặt b + c = x ; c + a = y ; a + b = z
\(\Rightarrow\)a + b + c = \(\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a=\frac{y+z-x}{2};b=\frac{x+z-y}{2};c=\frac{x+y-z}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\frac{y+z-x}{2x}+\frac{x+z-y}{2y}+\frac{x+y-z}{2z}\)
\(C=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{z}-3\right)\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(6-3\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
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\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
\(=\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{ab+bc}+\frac{c^2}{ac+bc}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{ab+bc}+\frac{c^2}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Ta c/m BĐT phụ: \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)( b tự c/m nhé. Chuyển vế, c/m VP>=0 là xong )
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{ab+bc}+\frac{c^2}{ac+bc}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2.\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{1}{\frac{2}{3}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
đpcm