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\(M=\frac{1}{16x^2}+\frac{1}{4y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{16x^2}+\frac{4}{16y^2}+\frac{16}{16z^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{4}{y^2}+\frac{16}{z^2}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{1}{16}.\frac{\left(1+2+4\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=\frac{49}{16}\)(Svac - xơ)
Vậy \(M_{min}=\frac{49}{16}\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2}=\frac{4}{y^2}=\frac{16}{z^2}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{\sqrt{21}}\\y=\frac{2}{\sqrt{21}}\\z=\frac{4}{\sqrt{21}}\end{cases}}\)
Cho sửa chỗ dấu "="
\("="\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2}=\frac{2}{y^2}=\frac{4}{z^2}=7\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\sqrt{\frac{1}{7}}\\y=\sqrt{\frac{2}{7}}\\z=\frac{2}{\sqrt{7}}\end{cases}}\)hoặc \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=-\sqrt{\frac{1}{7}}\\y=-\sqrt{\frac{2}{7}}\\z=-\frac{2}{\sqrt{7}}\end{cases}}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có:
\(M=\frac{1}{16x}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{16x}+\frac{4}{16y}+\frac{16}{16z}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(1+2+4\right)^2}{16\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{49}{16}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi
\(\frac{1}{16x}=\frac{2}{16y}=\frac{4}{16z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{7}\\y=\frac{2}{7}\\z=\frac{4}{7}\end{cases}}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(M=\frac{1}{16x^2}+\frac{1}{4y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}=\frac{(\frac{1}{4})^2}{x^2}+\frac{(\frac{1}{2})^2}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\geq \frac{(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}+1)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}\)
hay \(M\geq \frac{49}{16}\)
Vậy $M_{\min}=\frac{49}{16}$
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\frac{1}{4x^2}=\frac{1}{2y^2}=\frac{1}{z^2}\) hay \(x=\sqrt{\frac{1}{7}}; y=\sqrt{\frac{2}{7}}; z=\sqrt{\frac{4}{7}}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{4}{y}+\dfrac{16}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2^2}{y}+\dfrac{4^2}{z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge\dfrac{1}{16}\dfrac{\left(1+2+4\right)^2}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{1}{16}.\dfrac{49}{1}=\dfrac{49}{16}\)
\(\Rightarrow M_{min}=\dfrac{49}{16}\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+z=1\\\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{2}{y}=\dfrac{4}{z}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{7}\\y=\dfrac{2}{7}\\z=\dfrac{4}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bạn kia làm ra kết quả đúng nhưng cách làm thì tào lao nhưng vẫn ra ???
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si ta có:
\(\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{x}{2}+\frac{x+1}{4}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}.\frac{x}{2}.\frac{x+1}{4}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Tương tự:\(\frac{1}{y\left(y+1\right)}+\frac{y}{2}+\frac{y+1}{4}\ge\frac{3}{2}\),\(\frac{1}{z\left(z+1\right)}+\frac{z}{2}+\frac{z+1}{4}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Cộng vế với vế của 3 BĐT trên ta được:
\(P+\frac{x+y+z}{2}+\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)+3}{4}\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P+\frac{3}{2}+\frac{6}{4}\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{x^2+x}=\frac{x}{2}=\frac{x+1}{4}\\\frac{1}{y^2+y}=\frac{y}{2}=\frac{y+1}{4}\\\frac{1}{z^2+z}=\frac{z}{2}=\frac{z+1}{4},x+y+z=3\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1}\)
Vậy \(P_{min}=\frac{3}{2}\)khi \(x=y=z=1\)
Áp dụng bđt Bunhiacopski ta có
\(P\ge\frac{9}{x^2+y^2+z^2+x+y+z}\ge\frac{9}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}.\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z=1
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(P=\frac{1}{16x}+\frac{1}{4y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1\div16}{16x\div16}+\frac{1\div4}{4y\div4}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{\frac{1}{16}}{x}+\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có :
\(P=\frac{\frac{1}{16}}{x}+\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}+1\right)^2}{x+y+z}=\frac{\left(\frac{7}{4}\right)^2}{1}=\frac{49}{16}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\frac{\frac{1}{16}}{x}=\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{y}=\frac{1}{z}\). Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :
\(\frac{\frac{1}{16}}{x}=\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{y}=\frac{1}{z}=\frac{\frac{1}{16}+\frac{1}{4}+1}{x+y+z}=\frac{21}{16}\)=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{21}\\y=\frac{4}{21}\\z=\frac{16}{21}\end{cases}}\)
Vậy MinP = 49/16
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có
\(A=\dfrac{4}{x+1}+\dfrac{9}{y+2}+\dfrac{25}{z+3}\)
\(A=\dfrac{2^2}{x+1}+\dfrac{3^2}{y+2}+\dfrac{5^2}{z+3}\)
\(A\ge\dfrac{\left(2+3+5\right)^2}{x+1+y+2+z+3}\) (BĐT Schwarz)
\(A\ge\dfrac{10^2}{10}=10\) (vì \(x+y+z=4\))
ĐTXR \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{x+1}=\dfrac{3}{y+2}=\dfrac{5}{z+3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{x+1}=\dfrac{3}{y+2}=\dfrac{5}{z+3}=\dfrac{2+3+5}{z+1+y+2+z+3}=1\). Dẫn đến \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1\\z=2\end{matrix}\right.\). Vậy, GTNN của A là 10 khi \(\left(x,y,z\right)=\left(1,1,2\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{4}{y^2}+\dfrac{16}{z^2}\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{16}.\dfrac{\left(1+2+4\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=\dfrac{49}{16}\)
\(\Rightarrow M_{min}=\dfrac{49}{16}\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=\dfrac{1}{7}\\y^2=\dfrac{2}{7}\\z^2=\dfrac{4}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)
ta có
P = 1/16x + 1/4y + 1/z = (1/16x + 4/16y + 16/16z)
áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopski ta có
(1/16x + 4/16y + 16/16z)*(16x + 16y + 16z) >= (1 + 2 + 4)^2 = 49
=> P.16 >= 49 hay P >= 49/16
dấu = xảy ra khi
1/(16x)^2 = 1/64y^2 = 1/16z^2 và x + y + z = 1
<> 1/16x = 1/8y = 1/4z và x + y + z = 1
<> 4x = 2y = z và x + y + z = 1
<> x = 1/7 và y = 2/7 và z = 4/7