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Theo Bunhiacopski ta luôn có:
\(\left(x-y\right)^2=\left[1\cdot x+\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)\cdot2y\right]^2\le\left(1^2+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(x^2+4y^2\right)=\frac{5}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|x-y\right|\le\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{a},\frac{1}{b},\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(x,y,z\right)\)
\(x+y+z\ge\frac{x^2+2xy}{2x+y}+\frac{y^2+2yz}{2y+z}+\frac{z^2+2zx}{2z+x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ge\frac{3xy}{2x+y}+\frac{3yz}{2y+z}+\frac{3zx}{2z+x}\)
\(\frac{3xy}{2x+y}\le\frac{3}{9}xy\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)=\frac{1}{3}\left(x+2y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{3xy}{2x+y}\le\frac{1}{3}\left[\left(x+2y\right)+\left(y+2z\right)+\left(z+2x\right)\right]=x+y+z\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z
\(\Sigma\dfrac{a^2}{\left(2a+b\right)\left(2a+c\right)}=\Sigma\left(\dfrac{1}{9}.\dfrac{a^2\left(2+1\right)^2}{2a.\left(\Sigma a\right)+2a^2+bc}\right)\le\Sigma\left(\dfrac{1}{9}.\dfrac{4a^2}{2a\left(\Sigma a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{9}.\dfrac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}\right)\)
\(=\Sigma\left(\dfrac{1}{9}.\left(\dfrac{2a}{\Sigma a}+\dfrac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}\right)\right)=\dfrac{1}{9}\left(2+\Sigma\dfrac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}\right)\)
Cần chứng minh \(\Sigma\frac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}\le1\)
<=> \(\Sigma\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}\ge1\) (*)
Đặt (x;y;z) -------> \(\left(\frac{1}{a};\frac{1}{b};\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Suy ra (*) <=> \(\Sigma\frac{x^2}{x^2+2xy}\ge1\Leftrightarrow\frac{\Sigma x^2}{\Sigma x^2}\ge1\) (đúng)
Vậy \(\Sigma\frac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}\le1\)
Suy ra \(\Sigma\frac{a^2}{\left(2a+b\right)\left(2a+c\right)}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(2+\Sigma\frac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}\right)\le\frac{1}{9}\left(2+1\right)=\frac{1}{3}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x = y = z = 1
chứng minh $\sqrt{x(y+1)}+\sqrt{y(z+1)}+\sqrt{z(x+1)}\leq \frac{3}{2}\sqrt{(x+1)(y+1)(z+1)}$ - Bất đẳng thức và cực trị - Diễn đàn Toán học
Bai 1: Ap dung BDT Bunhiacopxki ta co:
\(ax+by+cz+2\sqrt {(ab+ac+bc)(xy+yz+xz)} \)
\(≤ \sqrt {(a^2+b^2+c^2)(x^2+y^2+z^2)} + \sqrt {(ab+ac+bc)(xy+yz+zx)}+\sqrt {(ab+ac+bc)(xy+yz+zx)}\)
\(≤ \sqrt {(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc)(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2zx)}\)
\(= (a+b+c)(x+y+z)\)
=> \(Q.E.D\)
Tiep bai 4:Ta co:
BDT <=> \((2+y^2z)(2+z^2x)(2+x^2y)≥(2+x)(2+y)(2+z)\)
Sau khi khai trien con: \(2(z^2x+y^2z+x^2y)+x^2z+z^2y+y^2x≥xy+yz+zx+2x+2y+2z \)
Ap dung BDT Cosi ta co:
\(z^2x+x ≥ 2zx \) <=> \(z^2x≥2zx-x\)
Lam tuong tu ta co: \(2(z^2x+y^2z+x^2y)≥4xy+4yz+4zx-2x-2y-2z \)(1)
\(x^2z+{1\over z}≥2x \) <=> \(x^2z≥2x-xy \) (do xyz=1)
Lam tuong tu ta co: \(x^2z+z^2y+y^2x≥ 2y+2z+2x-xy-yz-zx\)(2)
Cong (1) voi (2) ta co: VT\(≥ 3(xy+yz+zx)\)(*)
Voi cach lam tuong tu ta cung duoc: VT\(≥ 3(x+y+z) \)(**)
Tu (*) va (**) suy ra : \(3 \)VT \(≥ 6(x+y+z)+3(xy+yz+zx) \)
<=> VT \(≥ 2(x+y+z)+xy+yz+zx\)
=> \(Q.E.D\)
Ta có : \(xy\left(x+y\right)^2\le\frac{1}{64}\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\sqrt{xy\left(x+y\right)^2}\le\sqrt{\frac{1}{64}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)\le\frac{1}{8}\)
ta cần c/m \(\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)\le\frac{1}{8}\)
Thật vậy, ta có
Áp dụng BĐT : \(ab\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)a = b
\(\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)=\frac{1}{2}.2\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)\le\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\left(x+2\sqrt{xy}+y\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}^2+2\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{y}^2\right)^2}{4}.\frac{1}{2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^4}{8}=\frac{1}{8}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=y=\frac{1}{4}\)
a) \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2}=\left|a+b\right|\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
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Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacốpski, ta có:
\(\left|x-y\right|=\left|x.1+2y.\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)\right|\le\sqrt{\left(x^2+4y^2\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{4}\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\) vì \(x^2+4y^2=1\)