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Đề bài sai, phản ví dụ:
Với \(x=1;y=0\) thì x;y thỏa mãn \(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=2\)
Nhưng \(P=1-\sqrt{6}\) không phải số nguyên
Đặt \(P=xy\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(P=\frac{1}{64}.4.2\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right).4.2\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)\)
\(P\le\frac{1}{64}\left(2\sqrt{xy}+x+y\right)^2\left(2\sqrt{xy}+x+y\right)^2\)
\(P\le\frac{1}{64}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2=\frac{1}{64}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{4}\)
\(x+y=2\Rightarrow y=2-x\)
\(A=\sqrt{x^2+\left(2-x\right)^2}+\sqrt{x\left(2-x\right)}=\sqrt{2x^2-4x+4}+\sqrt{-x^2+2x}\)
\(A^2=x^2-2x+4+2\sqrt{2x^2-4x+4}.\sqrt{-x^2+2x}\)
\(+A\ge2\Leftrightarrow A^2\ge4\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+4+2\sqrt{-2x^4+8x^3-12x^2+8x}\ge4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{-2x^4+8x^3-12x^2+8x}\ge x\left(2-x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(-2x^4+8x^3-12x^2+8x\right)\ge x^2\left(2-x\right)^2\text{ }\left(do\text{ }x\left(2-x\right)\ge0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(2-x\right)\left(9x^2-18x+16\right)\ge0\)
Bất đẳng thức trên đúng vì :
\(x\ge0;\text{ }2-x=y\ge0;\text{ }9x^2-18x+16=9\left(x-1\right)^2+7>0\)
Vậy \(A\ge2\)
Tương tự, ta có thể chứng minh \(A\le\sqrt{6}\)
Cách khác: \(x+y=2\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+2xy=4\Rightarrow x^2+y^2=4-2xy\)
Đặt \(t=\sqrt{xy};t\ge0;\text{ }t\le\frac{x+y}{2}=1\)
\(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+\sqrt{xy}=\sqrt{4-2t^2}+t\)
\(+\sqrt{4-2t^2}+t\ge2\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{4-2t^2}\ge2-t\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4-2t^2\ge t^2-4t+4\text{ }\left(do\text{ }2-t>0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3t^2-4t\le0\Leftrightarrow t\left(3t-4\right)\le0\)
BĐT trên đúng đo \(t\ge0;\text{ }3t-4\le3.1-4=-1<0\)
Vậy \(\sqrt{4-2t^2}+t\ge2\)
Làm tương tự với vế còn lại.
Ta có:
\(1+x^2=xy+yz+zx+x^2=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\)
\(1+y^2=xy+yz+xz+y^2=\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
\(1+z^2=xy+yz+xz+z^2=\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\)
Thay vào A được:
\(P=x\sqrt{\frac{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+y\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}}\)\(+z\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\)
\(=x\sqrt{\left(y+z\right)^2}+y\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)^2}+z\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)
\(=x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=xy+xz+xy+yz+xz+zy\)
\(=2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(=2\)(do xy+yz+xz=1)
=>Đpcm
Dạng toán này rất nhiều bạn hỏi rồi: thay \(xy+yz+zx=1\) vào các căn thức rồi phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử.
Ta có \(1+x^2=x^2+xy+yz+xz=\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
Khi đó BĐT <=>
\(\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\ge\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}}+...\right)\)
<=> \(\frac{x+y+z}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{x\sqrt{y+z}+y\sqrt{x+z}+z\sqrt{x+y}}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\right)^3\)
<=>\(\left(x+y+z\right)\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x\sqrt{y+z}+y\sqrt{x+z}+z\sqrt{x+y}\right)^3\)
<=> \(\left(x+y+z\right)\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\sqrt{x\left(1-yz\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(1-xz\right)}+\sqrt{z\left(1-xy\right)}\right)^3\)(1)
Xét \(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\ge\frac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
<=> \(9\left[xy\left(x+y\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)+2xyz\right]\ge8\left(xy\left(x+y\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+3xyz\right)\)
<=> \(xy\left(y+x\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)\ge6xyz\)
<=> \(x\left(y-z\right)^2+z\left(x-y\right)^2+y\left(x-z\right)^2\ge0\)luôn đúng
Khi đó (1) <=>
\(\left(x+y+z\right).\frac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}.\sqrt{x+y+z}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(\sqrt{x\left(1-yz\right)}+....\right)^3\)
<=> \(\sqrt{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\ge\sqrt{x\left(1-yz\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(1-xz\right)}+\sqrt{z\left(1-xy\right)}\)
Áp dụng buniacopxki cho vế phải ta có
\(\sqrt{x\left(1-yz\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(1-xz\right)}+\sqrt{z\left(1-xy\right)}\le\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(3-xy-yz-xz\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
=> BĐT được CM
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Ta có : \(xy\left(x+y\right)^2\le\frac{1}{64}\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\sqrt{xy\left(x+y\right)^2}\le\sqrt{\frac{1}{64}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)\le\frac{1}{8}\)
ta cần c/m \(\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)\le\frac{1}{8}\)
Thật vậy, ta có
Áp dụng BĐT : \(ab\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)a = b
\(\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)=\frac{1}{2}.2\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)\le\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\left(x+2\sqrt{xy}+y\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}^2+2\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{y}^2\right)^2}{4}.\frac{1}{2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^4}{8}=\frac{1}{8}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=y=\frac{1}{4}\)