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Vì \(a,b,c,d\in N^{\circledast}\) nên \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c< a+b+c+d\\a+b+d< a+b+c+d\\b+c+d< a+b+c+d\\a+c+d< a+b+c+d\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c+d}\\ \dfrac{b}{a+b+d}>\dfrac{b}{a+b+c+d}\\ \dfrac{c}{b+c+d}>\dfrac{c}{a+b+c+d}\\ \dfrac{d}{a+c+d}>\dfrac{d}{a+b+c+d}\\ \Rightarrow P>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{d}{a+b+c+d}=1\\ \Rightarrow P>1\left(1\right)\)
Vì \(a,b,c,d\in N^{\circledast}\) nên \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c>d\\a+b+d>c\\b+c+d>a\\a+c+d>b\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2a}{\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)}< \dfrac{2a}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\dfrac{b}{a+b+d}=\dfrac{2b}{\left(a+b+d\right)+\left(a+b+d\right)}< \dfrac{2b}{a+b+c+d}\left(a+b+d>c\right)\\ \dfrac{c}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{2c}{\left(b+c+d\right)+\left(b+c+d\right)}< \dfrac{2c}{a+b+c+d}\left(b+c+d>a\right)\\ \dfrac{d}{a+c+d}=\dfrac{2d}{\left(a+c+d\right)+\left(a+c+d\right)}< \dfrac{2d}{a+b+c+d}\left(a+c+d>b\right)\)
Từ đó, ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+d}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+d}+\dfrac{c}{b+c+d}+\dfrac{d}{a+c+d}< \\ \dfrac{2a}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{2b}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{2d}{a+b+c+d}=2\\ \Rightarrow P< 2\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2), ta có điều phải chứng minh.
Biết \(\dfrac{a^2 + b^2}{c^2 + d^2}=\dfrac{ab}{cd}\) với a,b,c,d khác 0. Chứng minh rằng:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\) hoặc\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{d}{c}\) cái \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)thì mình chứng minh được rồi còn cái\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{d}{c}\)thì chưa mong các bạn giúp ạ
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow ad=bc\)
Ta có:
Nếu:
\(\dfrac{2a+c}{2b+d}=\dfrac{a-c}{b-d}\Leftrightarrow\left(2a+c\right)\left(b-d\right)=\left(a-c\right)\left(2b+d\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a\left(b-d\right)+c\left(b-d\right)=a\left(2b+d\right)-c\left(2b+d\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2ab-2ad+bc-cd=2ab+ad-2bc+cd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ad=bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2a+c}{2b+d}=\dfrac{a-c}{b-d}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Gọi d là ƯCLN(\(\dfrac{a+b}{2};\dfrac{b+c}{2};\dfrac{c+a}{2}\))(\(d\ne0,d⋮2\))
Ta có:\(\dfrac{a+b}{2}⋮d,\dfrac{b+c}{2}⋮d,\dfrac{c+a}{2}⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{2}+\dfrac{b+c}{2}+\dfrac{c+a}{2}⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+b+c+c+a}{2}⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow a,b,c⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow\)ƯCLN(a,b,c)=ƯCLN(\(\dfrac{a+b}{2};\dfrac{b+c}{2};\dfrac{c+a}{2}\))
P/S không chắc đâu nhất là 2 bước cuối
Lời giải:
Vì $\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}$ nên:
$\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^3=\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{c}.\frac{c}{d}$
Hay $\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^3=\frac{a}{d}$
Ta có đpcm.
\(\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)^3=\dfrac{a}{b}\cdot\dfrac{a}{b}\cdot\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a}{b}\cdot\dfrac{b}{c}\cdot\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a}{d}\)
AD tích chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}.\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}.\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{c}.\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow DPCM\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{b}=k\)
\(\Rightarrow a=c.k;c=b.k\)
Suy ra:
\(\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{\left(c.k\right)^2+\left(b.k\right)^2}{b^2+\left(b.k\right)^2}=\dfrac{k^2.\left(c^2+b^2\right)}{b^2.\left(k^2+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{k^2.\left[\left(b.k\right)^2+b^2\right]}{b^2.\left(k^2+1\right)}=\dfrac{k^2.\left[b^2.\left(k^2+1\right)\right]}{b^2.\left(k^2+1\right)}=k^2\) (1)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c.k}{b}=\dfrac{b.k^2}{b}=k^2\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{a}{b}\)
Chúc học tốt!!
Đặt a/b=c/d=k
=>a=bk; c=dk
\(\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2k^2+d^2k^2}{b^2+d^2}=k^2\)
\(\dfrac{ac}{bd}=\dfrac{bk\cdot dk}{bd}=k^2\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{ac}{bd}\)