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TH1: \(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=-c\\b+c=-a\\a+c=-b\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)}{b}.\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)}{a}.\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)}{c}=\dfrac{-a}{b}.\dfrac{-c}{a}.\dfrac{-b}{c}=-1\)
TH2: \(a+b+c\ne0\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:
\(\dfrac{a-b+c}{2b}=\dfrac{c-a+b}{2a}=\dfrac{a-c+b}{2c}=\dfrac{a-b+c+c-a+b+a-c+b}{2b+2a+2c}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a-b+c}{2b}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{c-a+b}{2a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{a-c+b}{2c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+c=2b\\c+b=2a\\a+b=2c\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=8\)
Tu \(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}=\dfrac{bc}{b+c}=\dfrac{ca}{c+a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\)
Hay \(\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{c}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Thay vao M ta co: \(M=\dfrac{a\cdot a+a\cdot a+a\cdot a}{a^2+a^2+a^2}=\dfrac{2019}{2019}=\dfrac{2018}{2018}=\dfrac{2017}{2017}=\dfrac{2016}{2015+1}=1\)
Bài 1: Nhân chéo
Bài 2:
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)^3=\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{c}.\dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b-c}=\dfrac{a-b+c}{a-b-c}\)
\(=\dfrac{a+b+c-a+b-c}{a+b-c-a+b+c}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a-a\right)+\left(b+b\right)+\left(c-c\right)}{\left(a-a\right)+\left(b+b\right)+\left(c-c\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2b}{2b}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c=a+b-c\)
\(\Rightarrow c=-c\)
\(\Rightarrow c+c=0\)
\(\Rightarrow2c=0\Rightarrow c=0\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a.b.c}{b.c.d}=\dfrac{a}{d}\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)^3=\left(\dfrac{b}{c}\right)^3=\left(\dfrac{c}{d}\right)^3\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\) ta có:
\(\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a}{d}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b-c}=\dfrac{a-b+c}{a-b-c}=\dfrac{a+b+c-a+b-c}{a+b+c-a+b-c}=\dfrac{\left(a-a\right)+\left(c-c\right)+b+b}{\left(a-a\right)+\left(c-c\right)+b+b}=\dfrac{2b}{2b}=1\)
Nên
\(a+b+c=a+b-c\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c-a-b+c=0\)
\(\Rightarrow2c=0\Rightarrow c=0\)
a: Đặt a/b=c/d=k
=>a=bk; c=dk
\(\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{bk}{bk-b}=\dfrac{k}{k-1}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{c-d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk-d}=\dfrac{k}{k-1}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{c}{c-d}\)
b: Đặt a/b=c/d=k
=>a=bk; c=dk
\(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{bk+b}{dk+d}\right)^2=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\)
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2k^2+b^2}{d^2k^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\)
DO đó: \(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}\)
\(\dfrac{b+c}{a}=\dfrac{c+a}{b}=\dfrac{a+b}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{b+c}{a}+1=\dfrac{c+a}{b}+1=\dfrac{a+b}{c}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{c}\)
Từ \(\dfrac{a+b+c}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b}\Leftrightarrow a\left(a+b+c\right)=b\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\a+b+c=0\end{matrix}\right.\left(đpcm\right)\)
Theo đề, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b-c}=\dfrac{a-b+c}{a-b-c}\) và \(b\ne0\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta lại có:
\(\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b-c}=\dfrac{a-b+c}{a-b-c}=\dfrac{a+b+c-\left(a-b+c\right)}{a+b-c-\left(a-b-c\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a+b+c-a+b-c}{a+b-c-a+b+c}=\dfrac{2b}{2b}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c=a+b-c\Rightarrow c=-c\Rightarrow c-\left(-c\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow c+c=0\Rightarrow2c=0\Rightarrow c=0\)
Vậy \(c=0\)
~ Học tốt !~
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-\left(b+c\right)^2=a^2-\left(b-c\right)^2\)
=>(b+c)^2=(b-c)^2
=>b+c=b-c hoặc b+c=c-b
=>b=0(loại) hoặc c=0