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Áp dụng tính chất :
\(\dfrac{a}{b}>1\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+m}{b+m}\) ta có :
\(B=\dfrac{10^{1993}+1}{10^{1992}+1}>\dfrac{10^{1993}+1+9}{10^{1992}+1+9}=\dfrac{10^{1993}+10}{10^{1992}+10}=\dfrac{10\left(10^{1992}+1\right)}{10\left(10^{1991}+1\right)}=A\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B>A\)
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Ta thấy 1995 chia hết cho 7, do đó:
19921993 + 19941995 = (BS 7 – 3)1993 + (BS 7 – 1)1995 = BS 7 – 31993 + BS 7 – 1
Theo câu b ta có 31993 = BS 7 + 3 nên
19921993 + 19941995 = BS 7 – (BS 7 + 3) – 1 = BS 7 – 4 nên chia cho 7 thì dư 3
32860 = 33k + 1 = 3.33k = 3(BS 7 – 1) = BS 7 – 3 nên chia cho 7 thì dư 4
Ta có: \(2^{1994}=\left(2^{1992}\right).2^2=2^3.664.2^2=8^{664}.2^2\)
Do \(8^3\) đồng dư 1 mod 7 nên \(8^{664}\) đồng dư 1.
Vậy \(8^{664}\).\(2^2\)=\(8^{664}\).4 sẽ đồng dư 4 mod 7.Vậy \(2^{1994}\) chia 7 dư 4.
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A=1-2-3 +4+5-6-7+8 +.....+1993
\(A=A_1+1993\)
\(A_1=\left(1-2-3+4\right)+\left(5-6-7+8\right)+....+\left(1989-1990-1991+1992\right)\)\(A_1=0+0+0...+0\)
A=1993
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Ta có: \(2P=2+\dfrac{2}{2^0}+\dfrac{3}{2^1}+...+\dfrac{1992}{2^{1990}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2P-P=\left(2+\dfrac{2}{2^0}+\dfrac{3}{2^1}+...+\dfrac{1992}{2^{1990}}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{2^0}+\dfrac{2}{2^1}+...+\dfrac{1992}{2^{1991}}\right)\)
\(=2-\dfrac{1992}{2^{1991}}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2^0}+\dfrac{1}{2^1}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{1990}}\right)\)
\(=2-\dfrac{1992}{2^{1991}}+2-\dfrac{1}{2^{1990}}< 4\)
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S = \(\frac{1}{2^0}+\frac{2}{2^1}+\frac{3}{2^2}+...+\frac{1992}{2^{1991}}\)
2.S = \(2+\frac{2}{2^0}+\frac{3}{2^1}+...+\frac{1992}{2^{1990}}\)
=> 2.S - S = \(2+\frac{1}{2^0}+\frac{1}{2^1}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{1990}}-\frac{1992}{2^{1991}}\)
=> S = \(2-\frac{1992}{2^{1991}}+\left(\frac{1}{2^0}+\frac{1}{2^1}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{1990}}\right)\)
Đặt A = \(\frac{1}{2^0}+\frac{1}{2^1}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{1990}}\)
=>2.A = 2 + \(\frac{1}{2^0}+\frac{1}{2^1}+...+\frac{1}{2^{1989}}\)
=> 2.A - A = 2 - \(\frac{1}{2^{1990}}\)=A
Vậy S = \(4-\frac{1}{2^{1990}}-\frac{1992}{2^{1991}}<4\)