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1.TA CO A^2 + B^2/4 >=AB ... 4- (A^2+1/A^2)>=AB . VOI A^2>=0 TACO A^2 +1/A^2 >=2 ... - (A^2+1/A^2)<=-2 SUYRA AB<= - (A^2+1/A^2)+4 <=-2+4 HAY AB<=2 . MAX AB=2 KHI A=1 , B=2A=2 2.XY-X-Y=0...XY-X-Y+1=1...X(Y-1)-(Y-1)=1...(X-1)(Y-1)=1. Vi X,Y NGUYEN NEN X-1 , Y-1 NGUYEN ...(X-1)(Y-1)=1.1= -1 .-1. VS X-1=1,Y-1=1 SUYRA X=Y=2...VS X-1=-1,Y-1=-1 SUYRA X=Y=0
1) \(2a^2+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{b^2}{4}=4\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+\frac{1}{a^2}-2\right)+\left(a^2+\frac{b^2}{4}-ab\right)=4-ab-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-\frac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(a-\frac{b}{2}\right)^2=2-ab\)
\(VF=2-ab=\left(a-\frac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(a-\frac{b}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
hay \(ab\le2\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=\frac{1}{a}\\a=\frac{b}{2}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\orbr{\begin{cases}\left(a;b\right)=\left(1;\frac{1}{2}\right)\\\left(a;b\right)=\left(-1;-\frac{1}{2}\right)\end{cases}}\)
2)
\(PT\Leftrightarrow\left(1-x\right)\left(y-1\right)=-1=1.\left(-1\right)=\left(-1\right).1\)
Xét các Th
3) bunyakovsky
\(abc\ge\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(c+a-b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc\ge\left(3-2a\right)\left(3-2b\right)\left(3-2c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9abc\ge12\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-27\)
\(\Rightarrow abc\ge\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{9}{a\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)+b\left(c^2+ca+a^2\right)+c\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{9}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{3+abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(Q=\sum\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\sqrt{2\left(b+c\right)^2+bc}}\ge\sum\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\sqrt{2\left(b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(b+c\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2}{3}\sum\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{b+c}\)
\(Q\ge\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)^2}{a+b+b+c+c+a}=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
\(P=2\Sigma a+\Sigma\dfrac{1}{a}=\Sigma a+\Sigma a+\Sigma\dfrac{1}{a}\ge3.\sqrt[3]{\left(\Sigma a\right)^2.\Sigma\dfrac{1}{a}}\)
\(Q=\left(\Sigma a\right)^2.\Sigma\dfrac{1}{a}=\left(3+2\Sigma ab\right).\Sigma\dfrac{1}{a}=3\Sigma\dfrac{1}{a}+4\Sigma a+2\Sigma\dfrac{ab}{c}\ge3\Sigma\dfrac{1}{a}+6\Sigma a=3\left(\Sigma\dfrac{1}{a}+2\Sigma a\right)=3P\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(P\ge3\sqrt[3]{3P}\) \(\Leftrightarrow P^3\ge81P\Leftrightarrow P^2\ge81\left(P>0\right)\Leftrightarrow P\ge9\)
" = " \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Vì $\large a,b,c \in\mathbb{N^*}$ và $\large a^2+b^2+c^2=3\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} a<\sqrt{3} & \\ b<\sqrt{3} & \\ c<\sqrt{3} & \end{matrix}\right.$
Ta chứng minh bất đẳng thức phụ sau:
Với $0 <x<\sqrt{3}$ thì $2x+\frac{1}{x} \ge x^2.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{5}{2}(*)$
Thật vậy $(*)$ $\large \Leftrightarrow (x-2)(x-1)^2 \le0$
Do $\large x<\sqrt{3}\Leftrightarrow x<2\Leftrightarrow (x-2)(x-1)^2<0$ (Luôn đúng)
Do đó bất đẳng thức được chứng minh
Dấu $"="$ xảy ra khi $x=1$
Trở lại bài toán:
Áp dụng BĐT $(*)$ ta được:
$\large 2a+\frac{1}{a}+2b+\frac{1}{b}+2c+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{1}{2}(a^2+b^2+c^2)+\frac{15}{2}=9$
Do $a^2+b^2+c^2=3$
Vậy $GTNN=9$
Dấu $"="$ xảy ra khi: $a=b=c=1$
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho các số không âm:
\(4=2a^2+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{b^2}{4}=a^2+a^2+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{b^2}{4}\)
\(\geq 4\sqrt[4]{a^2.a^2.\frac{1}{a^2}.\frac{b^2}{4}}=4\sqrt[4]{\frac{a^2b^2}{4}}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2\leq 4\Rightarrow (ab-2)(ab+2)\leq 0\)
\(\Rightarrow ab\geq -2\)
Vậy \(ab_{\min}=-2\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a^2=\frac{1}{a^2}=\frac{b^2}{4}\) . Kết hợp với $ab=-2$ ta suy ra \((a,b)=(-1,2); (1,-2)\)