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\(\dfrac{a+b}{3}=\dfrac{b+c}{5}=\dfrac{c+a}{6}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5a+5b=3b+3c\\5c+5a=6b+6c\\6a+6b=3c+3a\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5a+2b-3c=0\left(1\right)\\5a-6b-c=0\left(2\right)\\a+2b-c=0\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow8b-4c=0\Leftrightarrow2b=c\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(3\right)\Leftrightarrow4a-4c=0\Leftrightarrow a-c=0\Leftrightarrow a=c=2b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ac-4b^2=2b.2b-4b^2=4b^2-4b^2=0\left(đpcm\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Lời giải:
Đặt $\frac{a+b}{3}=\frac{b+c}{4}=\frac{c+a}{5}=t$
$\Rightarrow a+b=3t; b+c=4t; c+a=5t$
$\Rightarrow a+b+c=\frac{3t+4t+5t}{2}=6t$
$\Rightarrow c=6t-3t=3t; b=6t-5t=t; a=6t-4t=2t$
Khi đó:
$P=17a-7b-9c+2019=17.2t-7t-9.3t+2019=0.t+2019=2019$
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b>=2\sqrt{ab}\\\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}>=2\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{ab}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\ge2\sqrt{ab}\cdot2\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{ab}}=4\)
b: \(a+b+c>=3\sqrt[3]{abc}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}>=3\cdot\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{a}\cdot\dfrac{1}{b}\cdot\dfrac{1}{c}}=3\cdot\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\)
Do đó: \(\left(a+b+c\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a+b+c\ge\frac{a-b}{a+5}+\frac{b-c}{b+5}+\frac{c-a}{c+5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-\frac{a}{a+5}+\frac{a}{c+5}\right)+\left(b-\frac{b}{b+5}+\frac{b}{a+5}\right)+\left(c-\frac{c}{c+5}+\frac{c}{b+5}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(\frac{ac+6a+4c+25}{\left(a+5\right)\left(c+5\right)}\right)+b\left(\frac{ab+6b+4a+25}{\left(b+5\right)\left(a+5\right)}\right)+c\left(\frac{bc+6c+4b+25}{\left(c+5\right)\left(b+5\right)}\right)\ge0\)
Cái này đúng vì a, b, c không âm
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=0\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:
\(\dfrac{a}{8}=\dfrac{b}{12}=\dfrac{c}{15}=\dfrac{a-b-c}{8-12-15}=\dfrac{28}{-19}=\dfrac{-28}{19}\)
Do đó: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{-224}{19}\\b=\dfrac{-336}{19}\\c=\dfrac{-420}{19}\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\dfrac{a}{2021-c}+\dfrac{b}{2021-a}+\dfrac{c}{2021-b}\\ =\dfrac{a}{a+b+c-c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+c-a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b+c-b}\\ =\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=1\)
\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< \dfrac{a+b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{c+a}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
Vì \(1< \dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< 2\Rightarrow A.ko.phải.số.nguyên\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(M=\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{a+b+d}+\frac{c}{b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+d+c}\)
\(> \frac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M>\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1(1)\)
Mặt khác:
\(M=1-\frac{b+c}{a+b+c}+1-\frac{a+d}{a+b+d}+1-\frac{b+d}{b+c+d}+1-\frac{a+c}{a+d+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M=4-\underbrace{\left(\frac{b+c}{a+b+c}+\frac{a+d}{a+b+d}+\frac{b+d}{b+c+d}+\frac{a+c}{a+d+c}\right)}_{N}\)
Có: \(N>\frac{b+c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b+d}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{a+c}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow N>\frac{2(a+b+c+d)}{a+b+c+d}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow M=4-N< 4-2\Leftrightarrow M< 2(2)\)
Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow 1< M< 2\Rightarrow M\not\in \mathbb{N}\)
Câu hỏi của Nguyễn Đức Cảnh - Toán lớp 7 - Học toán với OnlineMath