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a/ \(\overrightarrow{DA}-\overrightarrow{DB}=\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{BD}=\overrightarrow{BA}\)
\(\overrightarrow{OD}-\overrightarrow{OC}=\overrightarrow{OD}+\overrightarrow{CO}=\overrightarrow{CD}\)
Mà \(\overrightarrow{BA}=\overrightarrow{CD}\) (t/c hình bình hành) \(\Rightarrow\) đpcm
b/ Theo tính chất trung tuyến:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}=2\overrightarrow{AK}\\\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BC}=2\overrightarrow{BM}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BC}=2\overrightarrow{AK}+2\overrightarrow{BM}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AC}=2\overrightarrow{AK}+2\overrightarrow{BM}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}=2\overrightarrow{AK}+2\overrightarrow{BM}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}=2\overrightarrow{AK}\\2\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AB}=2\overrightarrow{AK}+2\overrightarrow{BM}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AC}=\frac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AK}+\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BM}\\\overrightarrow{AB}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AK}-\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BM}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi G là giao điểm của AK, BM thì G là trọng tâm của tam giác.
Ta có 
= 
=> = 
= -
= - 
= -
Theo quy tắc 3 điểm đối với tổng vec tơ:
= + => = - = (- ).
AK là trung tuyến thuộc cạnh BC nên
+ 
= 2 => - += 2
Từ đây ta có = 
+ => 
= - - .
BM là trung tuyến thuộc đỉnh B nên
+ 
= 2 => - + = 2
=> = + .
a.
\(\overrightarrow{AM}+\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CM}+\overrightarrow{BM}+\overrightarrow{MC}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BM}\)
b.
\(\overrightarrow{AE}=3\overrightarrow{EM}=3\overrightarrow{EA}+3\overrightarrow{AM}\Rightarrow4\overrightarrow{AE}=3\overrightarrow{AM}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AE}=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AM}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AE}=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{BE}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AE}=-\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AC}=-\dfrac{5}{8}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{8}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(\overrightarrow{BK}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AK}=-\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{8}{5}\overrightarrow{BE}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) B, E, K thẳng hàng
a.\(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{CD}=\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{CB}\)
VT:\(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{CD}\)
=\(\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{AD}\)
=\(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{CB}=0\left(đpcm\right)\)
b.\(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{CD}+\overrightarrow{EA}=\overrightarrow{ED}+\overrightarrow{CB}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{CD}+\overrightarrow{EA}+\overrightarrow{DE}+\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CE}+\overrightarrow{EA}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{AE}+\overrightarrow{EA}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{0}=\overrightarrow{0}\left(LĐ\right)\)
a)
- \(\overrightarrow{BI}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\) (t/c trung điểm)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
- \(\overrightarrow{BK}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AK}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{BC}-\overrightarrow{BA}\right)\)
\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}-\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}\)
\(=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
b) Ta có: \(\overrightarrow{BK}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}=\frac{4}{3}\left(\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)=\frac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{BI}\)
=> B,K,I thẳng hàng
c) \(27\overrightarrow{MA}-8\overrightarrow{MB}=2015\overrightarrow{MC}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow27\left(\overrightarrow{MC}+\overrightarrow{CA}\right)-8\left(\overrightarrow{MC}+\overrightarrow{CB}\right)=2015\overrightarrow{MC}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow27\overrightarrow{MC}+27\overrightarrow{CA}-8\overrightarrow{MC}-8\overrightarrow{CB}-2015\overrightarrow{MC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-1996\overrightarrow{MC}+27\overrightarrow{CA}-8\overrightarrow{CB}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1996\overrightarrow{CM}=8\overrightarrow{CB}-27\overrightarrow{CA}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{CM}=\frac{8\overrightarrow{CB}-27\overrightarrow{CA}}{1996}\)
Vậy: Dựng điểm M sao cho \(\overrightarrow{CM}=\frac{8\overrightarrow{CB}-27\overrightarrow{CA}}{1996}\)
Theo tính chất trung điểm
\(\overrightarrow{AE}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AD}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\)\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AD}+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AD}+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)=\overrightarrow{AD}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{u}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{v}\).
Áp dụng quy tắc ba điểm ta có:
\(\overrightarrow a = \overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {CB} = \overrightarrow {AB} \); \(\overrightarrow b = \overrightarrow {DB} + \overrightarrow {BC} = \overrightarrow {DC} \)
Mà ABCD là hình thang nên AB//DC. Mặt khác vectơ \(\overrightarrow {AB} \) và vectơ \(\overrightarrow {DC} \) đều có hướng từ trái sang phải, suy ra vectơ \(\overrightarrow {AB} \) và vectơ \(\overrightarrow {DC} \)cùng hướng
Vậy hai vectơ \(\overrightarrow a \) và \(\overrightarrow b \) cùng hướng.
a/ \(\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{BE}+\overrightarrow{CF}=\overrightarrow{AE}+\overrightarrow{ED}+\overrightarrow{BF}+\overrightarrow{FE}+\overrightarrow{CD}+\overrightarrow{DF}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AE}+\overrightarrow{BF}+\overrightarrow{CD}+\overrightarrow{ED}+\overrightarrow{DF}+\overrightarrow{FE}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AE}+\overrightarrow{BF}+\overrightarrow{CD}+\overrightarrow{EF}+\overrightarrow{FE}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{AE}+\overrightarrow{BF}+\overrightarrow{CD}\)
b/ Theo tính chất trung tuyến:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}=2\overrightarrow{AK}\\\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BC}=2\overrightarrow{BM}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BC}=2\overrightarrow{AK}+2\overrightarrow{BM}\)
\(\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{AK}+\overrightarrow{KC}=\overrightarrow{AK}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{AK}+2\overrightarrow{BM}-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{BC}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AK}+\frac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{BM}\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{AK}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{AK}+\frac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{BM}\right)=...\)
\(\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{BC}=...\)