Chứng minh rằng tổng P= 1/3^2-1/3^4+1/3^6-1/3^8+...+1/3^2006-1/3^2008 nhỏ hơn 0,1
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9P = 1 - \(\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^4}-\frac{1}{3^6}+.....................+\frac{1}{3^{2004}}-\frac{1}{3^{2006}}\)
9P + P = \(\left(1-\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^4}-\frac{1}{3^6}+.....................+\frac{1}{3^{2004}}-\frac{1}{3^{2006}}\right)\)+ \(\left(\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^4}+\frac{1}{3^6}-\frac{1}{3^8}+........................+\frac{1}{3^{2006}}-\frac{1}{3^{2008}}\right)\)
10P = 1 - \(\frac{1}{3^{2008}}\)
Suy ra : P = \(\frac{1}{10}-\frac{1}{3^{2008}.10}\)
Vì \(\frac{1}{3^{2008}.10}>0\) nên \(\frac{1}{10}-\frac{1}{3^{2008}.10}< \frac{1}{10}\) hay P < 0,1 ( ĐPCM)
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Chứng minh rổng quát, Nếu:
\(A=\frac{1}{a^{2.k}}-\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+1\right)}}+\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+2\right)}}-\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+3\right)}}+...+\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+n\right)}}-\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+n+1\right)}}\) (a;b \(\in\) N*)
\(a^{2.k}.A=1-\frac{1}{a^{2.k}}+\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+1\right)}}-\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+2\right)}}+...+\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+n-1\right)}}-\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+n\right)}}\)
\(a^{2.k}.A+A=\left(1-\frac{1}{a^{2.k}}+\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+1\right)}}-\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+2\right)}}+..+\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+n-1\right)}}-\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+n\right)}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{a^{2.k}}-\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+1\right)}}+\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+2\right)}}-\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+3\right)}}+..+\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+n\right)}}-\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+n+1\right)}}\right)\)
\(A.\left(a^{2.k}+1\right)=1-\frac{1}{a^{2.\left(k+n+1\right)}}< 1\)
\(A< \frac{1}{a^{2.k}+1}\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán dễ thấy a = 3; k = 1
Như vậy, \(A< \frac{1}{3^{2.1}+1}=\frac{1}{3^2+1}=\frac{1}{9+1}=\frac{1}{10}=0,1\left(đpcm\right)\)
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\(A=\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^4}+\frac{1}{3^6}-\frac{1}{3^8}+...+\frac{1}{3^{2014}}-\frac{1}{3^{2016}}\)
\(\Rightarrow9A=1-\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{3^4}-\frac{1}{3^6}+...+\frac{1}{3^{2012}}-\frac{1}{3^{2014}}\)
\(\Rightarrow10A=1-\frac{1}{3^{2016}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1-\frac{1}{3^{2016}}}{10}\)
Vì 0,1 = \(\frac{1}{10}\) nên \(\frac{1-\frac{1}{3^{2016}}}{10}< \frac{1}{10}\) hay A < 0,1
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Câu 1:
Câu hỏi của Trần Văn Thành - Toán lớp 6 - Học toán với OnlineMath
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