tìm GTNN, GTLN của S=x+y biết x^2 + 3y^2 + 2xy - 10x - 14y + 18 = 0
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Ta có :
\(x^2+3y^2+2xy-10x-14y+18=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)-10x-10y+25+\left(2y^2-4y+2\right)-9=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-2.\left(x+y\right).5+25+2\left(y^2-2y+1\right)=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y-5\right)^2+2\left(y-1\right)^2=9\)
Vì \(2\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall y\)nên \(\left(x+y-5\right)^2\le9\)hay \(\left(M-5\right)^2\le9\)
\(\Rightarrow-3\le M-5\le3\Leftrightarrow2\le M\le8\)
- \(Min_M=2\)khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=1\end{cases}}\)
- \(Max_M=8\)khi\(\hept{\begin{cases}x=7\\y=1\end{cases}}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
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Đặt \(A=-x^2-3y^2-2xy+10x+14y-18\)
Ta có : \(-A=x^2+3y^2+2xy-10x-14y+18\)
\(-A=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+2y^2-10x-14y+18\)
\(-A=\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-2\left(x+y\right)\times5+25\right]+2y^2-4y+7\)
\(-A=\left(x+y-5\right)^2+2\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+5\)
\(-A=\left(x+y-5\right)^2+2\left(y-1\right)^2+5\)
Mà \(\left(x+y-5\right)^2\ge0\forall x;y\in R\)
\(\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall y\in R\Rightarrow2\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall y\in R\)
\(\Rightarrow-A\ge5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\le-5\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y-5=0\\y-1=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=4\\y=1\end{cases}}\)
Vậy Max A = - 5 khi ( x ; y ) = ( 4 ; 1 )
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
-2A=2x2+6y2+4xy-20x-28y+36
=(x2+4xy+4y2)+(x2-20x+100)+2(y2-14y+49)-162
=(x+2y)2+(x-10)2+2(y-7)2-162\(\ge\)-162
=> A\(\le81\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(A=-\left(x^2+y^2+25+2xy-10x-10y\right)-2y^2+4y-2+9\)
\(A=-\left(x+y-5\right)^2-2\left(y-1\right)^2+9\le9\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{max}=9\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A_{min}\) không tồn tại
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
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\(E=1983-x^2-3y^2+2xy-10x+14y\)
\(-E=x^2+3y^2-2xy+10x-14y-1983\)
\(-E=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+2y^2+10x-14y-1983\)
\(-E=\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+2\left(x-y\right).5+25\right]\)\(+2\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+1956\)
\(-E=\left(x-y+5\right)^2+2\left(y-1\right)^2+1956\)
Do \(\left(x-y+5\right)^2\ge0\forall x;y\)
\(2\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall y\)
\(\Rightarrow-E\ge1956\Leftrightarrow E\le-1956\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi : \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-y+5=0\\y-1=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-4\\y=1\end{cases}}\)
Vậy ...
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Lời giải:
\(x^2+3y^2+10x-14y-2xy=11\)
$\Leftrightarrow (x^2-2xy+y^2)+2y^2+10x-14y=11$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-y)^2+10(x-y)+25+(2y^2-4y+2)=38$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-y+5)^2+2(y-1)^2=38$
$\Rightarrow (x-y+5)^2=38-2(y-1)^2\leq 38$
$\Rightarrow -\sqrt{38}\leq x-y+5\leq \sqrt{38}$
$\Leftrightarrow -\sqrt{38}-5\leq x-y\leq \sqrt{38}-5$
Vậy $A_{\min}=-\sqrt{38}-5$ và $A_{\max}=\sqrt{38}-5$
Làm nốt phần còn lại của bạn Thắng
(x + y - 5)2 + 2(y - 1)2 - 9 = 0
<=> 2(y - 1)2 = 9 - (S - 5)2 \(\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(S-5\right)^2\le9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-3\le S-5\le3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\le S\le8\)
Vậy GTNN là 2 đạt được khi x = y = 1
GTLN là 8 đạt được khi (x, y) = (7, 1)
\(x^2+3y^2+2xy-10x-14y+18\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2+2xy-10x+y^2-10y+25\right)+2y^2-4y-7=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y-5\right)^2+2y^2-4y+2-9=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y-5\right)^2+2\left(y^2-2y+1\right)-9=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y-5\right)^2+2\left(y-1\right)^2-9=0\)
....