Hoà tan 2,7g Al trong dd 400ml dd HCl 1M , tính thể tích H2 (dktc) thu được?
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1(mol);n_{HCl}=1.0,3=0,3(mol)\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ \)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{Fe}}{1}<\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}\) nên HCl dư
Do đó \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,1(mol)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24(l)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{2}\) => HCl hết, Fe dư
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
___________0,1-------------->0,05_____(mol)
=> VH2 = 0,05.22,4 = 1,12(l)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
`1)`
`n_{Al}={2,7}/{27}=0,1(mol)`
`2Al+3H_2SO_4->Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2`
`0,1->0,15->0,05->0,15(mol)`
`V_{dd\ H_2SO_4}={0,15}/1=0,15(l)=150(ml)`
`->V=150`
`V'=V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36(l)`
`C_{M\ X}=C_{M\ Al_2(SO_4)_3}={0,05}/{0,15}=1/3M`
`2)`
`n_{Fe}={2,8}/{56}=0,05(mol)`
`Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2`
`0,05->0,1->0,05->0,05(mol)`
`V_{dd\ HCl}={0,1}/1=0,1(l)=100(ml)`
`->V=100`
`V_{H_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12(l)`
`C_{M\ FeCl_2}={0,05}/{0,1}=0,5M`
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1(mol)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}=0,6(l)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a.2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\ b.n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4.1=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,4}{3}\\ \Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2|\)
2 3 1 3
0,2 0,3
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,2.3}{2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
b) 400ml = 0,4l
\(n_{H2SO4}=1.0,4=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2|\)
2 3 1 3
0,2 0,4 0,3
Lập tỉ số so sánh : \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,4}{3}\)
⇒ Al phản ứng hết , H2SO4 dư
⇒ Tính toán dựa vào số mol của Al
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,2.3}{2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Có lẽ đề cho dd HCl 1M (1 mol/l) chứ bạn nhỉ?
a, PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
b, \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
c, \(n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{1}=0,3\left(l\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a)n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\\
Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{21,6-56.0,1}{160}=0,1mol\\
Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2\)
0,1 0,6 0,2 0,3
\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2+0,6}{1}=0,8l\\
b.C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,8}=0,125M\\
C_{M_{FeCl_3}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,8}=0,25M\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
nAl = \(\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\) ( mol )
2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
( mol ) 0,2 → 0, 2
\(m_{AlCl_3}=n.M=0,2.\left(27+35,5\times3\right)=26,7\left(g\right)\)