Rewrite the following sentence by replacing the relative clause with participle or to-infinitive clause:
Naples was founded by Greek settles during 470 BCE, which makes it one of the oldest cities in Europe
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1. The floor is dusty but I haven’t got a brush to sweep it.
…………………………… The floor is dusty but I haven’t got a brush to sweep it with.……………………………………………………..
2. The pilot was the only man to survive in the crash.
……………………………… The pilot was the only man who survived the crash.……… …………………………………………..
3. He was the second person to be killed in this way.
……………………………… He was the second person who was killed in this way.…………………………………………………..
4. I have just found a river to swim. (in)
……………………………… I have just found a river in which we can swim.…………………………………………………..
5. This is a form for you to fill. (in)
…………………………… This is a form which you have to fill in……………………………………………………..
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1 The word astronaut, which is formed from two Greek words, means 'star sailor'.
=> The word astronaut, formed from two Greek words, means 'star sailor'.
(Từ phi hành gia, được hình thành từ hai từ tiếng Hy Lạp, có nghĩa là 'thủy thủ ngôi sao'.)
2 Only flights which reach an altitude of 100 km or more are considered space flights.
=> Only flights reaching an altitude of 100 km or more are considered space flights.
(Chỉ những chuyến bay đạt độ cao từ 100 km trở lên mới được coi là chuyến bay vào vũ trụ.)
3 NASA astronauts are given a difficult training programme which they have to complete after twenty months.
=> NASA astronauts are given a difficult training programme to complete after twenty months.
(Những phi hành gia của NASA được giao một chương trình huấn luyện khó khăn để hoàn thành sau hai mươi tháng.)
4 Astronauts who spend long periods in space do exercises which have been designed to keep them strong.
=> Astronauts spending long periods in space do exercises designed to keep them strong.
(Các phi hành gia dành thời gian dài trong không gian để thực hiện các bài tập nhằm giúp họ khỏe mạnh.)
5 Spacecraft which intend to escape from Earth's gravity need to reach a speed of about 40,000 km/h.
=> Spacecraft intending to escape from Earth's gravity need to reach a speed of about 40,000 km/h.
(Tàu vũ trụ muốn thoát khỏi lực hấp dẫn của Trái đất cần đạt tốc độ khoảng 40.000 km/h.)
6 The film Apollo 13, which was made in 1995, is a very interesting film on space travel that should be seen.
=> The film Apollo 13, made in 1995, is a very interesting film on space travel that should be seen.
(Bộ phim Apollo 13 được sản xuất năm 1995 là một bộ phim về du hành vũ trụ rất thú vị nên xem.)
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I, reduce the following clause,using participle or to infinitive
1. i have just read a novel which was written by jack London
=> i have just read a novel written by jack London.
2,J. Gagarin was the first man who flew into space
=>J.Gagarin was the first man to fly into space.
3, A tour guide who is taking us to Ha Long Bay can speak three languages.
=> A tour guide taking us to Ha Long Bay can speak three languages.
4, he was the last emperor who rules both parts of the empire
=> he was the last emperor to rule both parts of the empire.
II,combine the sentences or rewrite them to make conditional sentencess
1. you travel on a budget flight, so you have to pay for your drinks and food.
=> if you travel on a budget flight, you will have to pay for your drinks and food.
2, whenever the weather is fine, i walk to work instead of driving.
=> if the weather is fine, i will walk to work instead of driving.
3, you leave a fish out of water.it dies
if you leave a fish out of water, it will die.
4,i usually go to Nha Trang when i have a long holiday.
if i have a long holiday, I will go to Nha Trang.
1 I have just read the novel written by Jack London
2 J.Gagarin was the first man to fly into space
3 A tour guide taking us to Ha Long can speak three languages
4 He was the last emperor to rule both parts of the empire
II
1 If you travel on a budget flight, you will have to pay for your drinks and food
2 If the weather is fine, I will walk to work instead of driving
3 If you leave a fish out of water, it dies
4 If I have a long holiday, I go to Nha Trang
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Rewrite these sentences using a relative clause in place of the infinitive or infinitive phrases:
1. The floor is dusty but I haven't got a brush to sweep it. (with)
=> The floor is dusty but I haven’t got a brush which sweeps it with
2. The pilot was the only man to survive in the crash.
=>The pilot was the only man who survived the crash.
3. He has the second person to be killed in this way.
=>He was the second person who was killed in this way.
4. I have just found a river to swim.( in)
=> I have just found a river in which we can swim.
5. This is a form for you to fill. (in)
=> This is a form which you have to fill in
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Rewrite the following sentences,using an infinitive phrase,a participle phrase or present participle:
1.The boy who was awarded by the headmaster is one of the best students in this school
-> The boy awarded by the headmaster is one of the best students in this school2.I like reading short stories which was written by Nam Cao
-> I like reading short stories written by Nam Cao
3.It is very hard for those who come back to their hometown on Tet holiday to buy train tickets
-> It is very hard for those coming back to their hometown on Tet holiday to buy train tickets
4.The man who drove his car on the left is getting a fine from the policeman
-> The man driving his car on the left is getting a fine from the policeman
5.Why didn't the last student who left the room turn the lights off
-> Why didn't the last student to leave the room turn the lights off ?
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Đáp án:
- Động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động, ta chỉ cần dùng cụm quá khứ phân từ (Ved/ V3) để thay thế cho mệnh đề đó.
- Cách rút gọn: Bỏ đại từ quan hệ và động từ “tobe”, chỉ giữ lại dạng quá khứ phân từ của động từ chính trong mệnh đề quan hệ.
Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosives.
=> Benzene, discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosives.
Tạm dịch: Benzen do Faraday khám phá ra đã trở thành điểm khởi đầu trong lĩnh vực sản xuất nhiều loại thuốc nhuộm, nước hoa và chất nổ.
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Rewrite as directed
1. His house,is not very far from here, is very big.
(Supply the missing pronoun)
HIS HOUSE , WHICH IS NOT VERY FAR FROM HERE, IS VERY BIG.
2. I think you should ask your brother to do it right away
(Use the causative form with "have")
I THINK YOU SHOULD HAVE YOUR BROTHER DO IT RIGHT WAY.
3. I wish he (be) HAD BEEN there with his friends yesterday.
4. We finally succeeded to cross=> IN CROSSING the river(Correct)
5. He would go hunting when he was in Africa
(Use "used to")
HE USED TO GO HUNTING WHEN HE WAS IN AFRICA.
6. This is one of the novels which=> THAT was written by E.Hemingway
(Replace the relative clause by a phrase)
Rewrite as directed
1. His house,WHICH is not very far from here, is very big.
(Supply the missing pronoun)
2. I think you should ask your brother to do it right away
I think you should have your brother do it right away
(Use the causative form with "have")
3. I wish he (be)had been there with his friends yesterday.
4. We finally succeeded to cross=>in crossing the river(Correct)
5. He would go hunting when he was in Africa
(Use "used to")
He used to go hunting when he was in Africa
6. This is one of the novels which was written by E.Hemingway
(Replace the relative clause by a phrase)
This is one of the novels written by E.Hemingway
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Rewrite the following pairs of sentences as one sentence,using the -ING form or bare infinitive or present participle or perfect participle.
- Although I hated the job, he did it for many years.
- -> In spite of/ Despite hating the job, he did it for many years.
- Before I make a decision, I need to dicuss it with my partner
- ->Before making a decision, I need to discuss it with my partner.
- Because he loved her so much he forgave her for everything.
- -> Because of loving her so much, he forgave her for everything.