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1 The word astronaut, which is formed from two Greek words, means 'star sailor'.
=> The word astronaut, formed from two Greek words, means 'star sailor'.
(Từ phi hành gia, được hình thành từ hai từ tiếng Hy Lạp, có nghĩa là 'thủy thủ ngôi sao'.)
2 Only flights which reach an altitude of 100 km or more are considered space flights.
=> Only flights reaching an altitude of 100 km or more are considered space flights.
(Chỉ những chuyến bay đạt độ cao từ 100 km trở lên mới được coi là chuyến bay vào vũ trụ.)
3 NASA astronauts are given a difficult training programme which they have to complete after twenty months.
=> NASA astronauts are given a difficult training programme to complete after twenty months.
(Những phi hành gia của NASA được giao một chương trình huấn luyện khó khăn để hoàn thành sau hai mươi tháng.)
4 Astronauts who spend long periods in space do exercises which have been designed to keep them strong.
=> Astronauts spending long periods in space do exercises designed to keep them strong.
(Các phi hành gia dành thời gian dài trong không gian để thực hiện các bài tập nhằm giúp họ khỏe mạnh.)
5 Spacecraft which intend to escape from Earth's gravity need to reach a speed of about 40,000 km/h.
=> Spacecraft intending to escape from Earth's gravity need to reach a speed of about 40,000 km/h.
(Tàu vũ trụ muốn thoát khỏi lực hấp dẫn của Trái đất cần đạt tốc độ khoảng 40.000 km/h.)
6 The film Apollo 13, which was made in 1995, is a very interesting film on space travel that should be seen.
=> The film Apollo 13, made in 1995, is a very interesting film on space travel that should be seen.
(Bộ phim Apollo 13 được sản xuất năm 1995 là một bộ phim về du hành vũ trụ rất thú vị nên xem.)
I, reduce the following clause,using participle or to infinitive
1. i have just read a novel which was written by jack London
=> i have just read a novel written by jack London.
2,J. Gagarin was the first man who flew into space
=>J.Gagarin was the first man to fly into space.
3, A tour guide who is taking us to Ha Long Bay can speak three languages.
=> A tour guide taking us to Ha Long Bay can speak three languages.
4, he was the last emperor who rules both parts of the empire
=> he was the last emperor to rule both parts of the empire.
II,combine the sentences or rewrite them to make conditional sentencess
1. you travel on a budget flight, so you have to pay for your drinks and food.
=> if you travel on a budget flight, you will have to pay for your drinks and food.
2, whenever the weather is fine, i walk to work instead of driving.
=> if the weather is fine, i will walk to work instead of driving.
3, you leave a fish out of water.it dies
if you leave a fish out of water, it will die.
4,i usually go to Nha Trang when i have a long holiday.
if i have a long holiday, I will go to Nha Trang.
1 I have just read the novel written by Jack London
2 J.Gagarin was the first man to fly into space
3 A tour guide taking us to Ha Long can speak three languages
4 He was the last emperor to rule both parts of the empire
II
1 If you travel on a budget flight, you will have to pay for your drinks and food
2 If the weather is fine, I will walk to work instead of driving
3 If you leave a fish out of water, it dies
4 If I have a long holiday, I go to Nha Trang
Rewrite the following pairs of sentences as one sentence,using the -ING form or bare infinitive or present participle or perfect participle.
- Although I hated the job, he did it for many years.
- -> In spite of/ Despite hating the job, he did it for many years.
- Before I make a decision, I need to dicuss it with my partner
- ->Before making a decision, I need to discuss it with my partner.
- Because he loved her so much he forgave her for everything.
- -> Because of loving her so much, he forgave her for everything.
chosen for the mission
=> who were chosen for the mission
(người được chọn cho nhiệm vụ)
watched by millions on TV
=> which was watched by millions on TV
(được hàng triệu người xem trên TV)
explaining how they lived and worked in zero gravity
=> which explained how they lived and worked in zero gravity
(giải thích cách họ sống và làm việc trong môi trường không trọng lực)
noticing a red warning light
=> who noticed a red warning light
(người mà nhận thấy đèn cảnh báo màu đỏ)
floating 320,000 kilometres from Earth.
=> which was floating 320,000 kilometers from Earth
(đang trôi nổi cách Trái đất 320.000 km)
2. Misunderstanding the direction to the restaurant, he arrived one hour late for the dinner party.
3. Living a long distance from her office, she has to commute daily by train.
4. Living a long distance from his office, Davis's car is essential.
5. Remembering that she hadn't turned off the oven, Ann went directly home.
2. He misunderstood the direction to the restaurant. He arrived one hour late for the dinner party
Misunderstanding he direction to the restaurant, he arrived one hour late for the dinner party
3. She lives a long distance from her office. She has to commute daily by train
Living a long distance from her office, she has to commute daily by train
4. Davis lives a long distance from his office.His car is essential
5. Ann remembered that she hadn't turned off the oven. She went directly home
Remembering that she hadn't turned off the oven, Ann went directly home
1 Did you get the message concerned the special meeting?
2 I come from a city located in the southern part of the country
3 The rules allowing public access to wilderness areas need to be reconsidered.
4 The children attending that school receive a good education
5 The conclusion to be presented in that book states that most of the cars
6 The fiffth man to be interviewed was completely unsuitable
7 The child would be happier if he had someone that he could play with
8 I'd more interested if I had a family to have to cook for
John was the last person to reach the top of the hill
The problems of environment are said to be resolved soon
It is the pedestrian that asked the policeman a lot of questions
The book that I bought last week was interesting.