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1.nhan xet
voi a thuoc Z
\(\left[\sqrt{a^2}\right]=\left[\sqrt{a^2+1}\right]=...=\left[\sqrt{a^2+2a}\right]\)
do do\(\left[\sqrt{a^2}\right]+\left[\sqrt{a^2+1}\right]+...+\left[\sqrt{a^2+2a}\right]=\frac{2a\left(2a+1\right)}{2}=a\left(2a+1\right)\)
thay a=1 cho den 10
tu tinh ra 825
\(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(2\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(=\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)-\left(2\sqrt{x}+1\right)+2\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\)
\(=x-\sqrt{x}+1\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{x}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^3+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\b=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a+b=7\)
đặt \(a=5+2\sqrt{6}\).ta sẽ chứng minh với dạng tổng quát \(\left[a^n\right]\)là 1 số tự nhiên lẻ.
ta có: \(a^n=\left(5+2\sqrt{6}\right)^n=x+y\sqrt{6}\)(x,y là các số tự nhiên) (*)
đặt \(b=5-2\sqrt{6}\Rightarrow b^n=x-y\sqrt{6}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^n+b^n=2x\)
mà \(0< b=5-2\sqrt{6}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow0< b^n< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow2x-1< a^n=2x-b^n< 2x\)
nên \(\left[a^n\right]=2x-1\)lẻ vì x nguyên.
p/s:(*) : thử \(\left(5+2\sqrt{6}\right)^2,\left(5+2\sqrt{6}\right)^3\)đều có dạng \(A+B\sqrt{6}\)
a) \(M=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-1}-\dfrac{6\sqrt{x}-3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}\left(x\ge0,x\ne1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)-6\sqrt{x}+3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}=\dfrac{x-4\sqrt{x}+3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-3}{\sqrt{x}+2}\)
b) \(M=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-3}{\sqrt{x}+2}=1-\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{x}+2}\in Z\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+2\inƯ\left(5\right)=\left\{-5;-1;1;5\right\}\)
Do \(\sqrt{x}\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}\in\left\{3\right\}\Rightarrow x=9\left(tm\right)\)
1: Ta có: \(A=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+2}{x+2\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{x-1}\right):\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2}-\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2}\right):\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{x-\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{x}-2-\left(x+\sqrt{x}-2\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2}:\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+\sqrt{x}-2-x+\sqrt{x}+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}\left(x-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{x-1}\)
2: ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>0\\x\ne1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Để A là số nguyên thì \(2⋮x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1\inƯ\left(2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{2;0;3;-1\right\}\)
Kết hợp ĐKXĐ, ta được: \(x\in\left\{2;3\right\}\)
Vậy: Để A là số nguyên thì \(x\in\left\{2;3\right\}\)
Ta có \(\left[\dfrac{34x+19}{11}\right]=\left[\dfrac{33x+11}{11}+\dfrac{x+8}{11}\right]=\left[x+1+\dfrac{x+8}{11}\right]\)
Nếu \(x< -19\) thì \(\left[\dfrac{34x+19}{11}\right]< 2x+1\) , vô lí.
Nếu \(-19\le x< -8\) thì \(-1\le\dfrac{x+8}{11}< 0\) nên \(\left[x+1+\dfrac{x+8}{11}\right]=x\), suy ra \(x=2x+1\) \(\Rightarrow x=-1\), loại.
Nếu \(-8\le x< 3\) thì \(0\le\dfrac{x+8}{11}< 1\) nên \(\left[x+1+\dfrac{x+8}{11}\right]=x+1\), suy ra \(x+1=2x+1\Leftrightarrow x=0\) (thỏa mãn)
Nếu \(x\ge3\) thì \(\dfrac{34x+19}{11}>2x+2\) hay \(\left[\dfrac{34x+19}{11}\right]\ge2x+2>2x+1\), vô lí.
Vậy \(x=0\)