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Tính tổng :
a) 12+322+523+....+2n−12n
b)
Giải
a) HD: Đặt tổng là S\(_n\) và tính 2S\(_n\)
ĐS : S\(_n\)=3−\(\frac{2n+3}{2^n}\)
b) HD: n\(^2\)- (n+1)\(^2\)= -2n-1
Ta có: 1\(^2\)-2\(^2\)= -3; 3\(^2\) - 4\(^2\)= -7;....
Ta có: u\(_1\)= -3, d= -4 và tính S\(_n\) trong từng trường hợp n chẵn, lẻ.
Sn=3−2n+32nb) HD : b) HD : n2−(n+1)2=−2n−1n2−(n+1)2=−2n−1 Ta có 12−22=−3;32−42=−7;...12−22=−3;32−42=−7;... b) HD :
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có : \(S=\left(4+2+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(16+2+\frac{1}{16}\right)+..+\left(2^{2n}+2+\frac{1}{2^{2n}}\right)\)
\(=\left(4+16+...+2^{2n}\right)+2n+\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{16}+.....+\frac{1}{2^{2n}}\right)\)
Áp dụng công thức tính tổng của n số hạng đầu của một cấp số nhân \(S_n=u_1\frac{q^n-1}{q-1}\)
\(S=4.\frac{4^{n-1}}{3}+2n+\frac{1}{4}.\frac{2^{\frac{1}{2n}}-1}{\frac{1}{4}-1}=4.\frac{4^n-1}{3}+2n+\frac{1}{3}.\frac{2^{2n}-1}{2^{2n}}\)
\(=2n+\frac{4^n-1}{3}.\frac{4.4^n+1}{4^n}=2n+\frac{\left(4^n-1\right)\left(4^{n+1}+1\right)}{3.4^n}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1.
\(\lim (n^3+4n^2-1)=\infty\) khi $n\to \infty$
2.
\(\lim\limits_{n\to -\infty} \frac{(n+1)\sqrt{n^2-n+1}}{3n^2+n}=\lim\limits_{n\to -\infty}\frac{-\frac{n+1}{n}.\sqrt{\frac{n^2-n+1}{n^2}}}{3+\frac{1}{n}}\\ =\lim\limits_{n\to -\infty}\frac{-(1+\frac{1}{n})\sqrt{1-\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n^2}}}{3+\frac{1}{n}}=\frac{-1}{3}\)
\(\lim\limits_{n\to +\infty} \frac{(n+1)\sqrt{n^2-n+1}}{3n^2+n}=\lim\limits_{n\to +\infty}\frac{\frac{n+1}{n}.\sqrt{\frac{n^2-n+1}{n^2}}}{3+\frac{1}{n}}\\ =\lim\limits_{n\to +\infty}\frac{(1+\frac{1}{n})\sqrt{1-\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n^2}}}{3+\frac{1}{n}}=\frac{1}{3}\)
3.
\(\lim \frac{1+2+...+n}{2n^2}=\lim \frac{n(n+1)}{4n^2}=\lim \frac{n^2+n}{4n^2}\\ =\lim (\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4n})=\frac{1}{4}\)
4.
\(\lim \frac{3^n-4.2^{n-1}-10}{7.2^n+4^n}=\lim \frac{(\frac{3}{4})^n-(\frac{2}{4})^{n-1}-\frac{10}{4^n}}{7(\frac{2}{4})^n+1}\\ =\lim \frac{(\frac{3}{4})^n-(\frac{1}{2})^{n-1}-\frac{10}{4^n}}{7(\frac{1}{2})^n+1}\\ =\frac{0-0-0}{7.0+1}=0\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
2:
\(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{3^n+1}{2^n-1}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{\dfrac{3^n}{3^n}+\dfrac{1}{3^n}}{\dfrac{2^n}{3^n}-\dfrac{1}{3^n}}=\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{1+\dfrac{1}{3^n}}{\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n-\dfrac{1}{3^n}}=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1:
\(K=\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{3\cdot2^n-3^n}{2^{n+1}+3^{n+1}}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{3\cdot2^n-3^n}{2^n\cdot2+3^n\cdot3}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{3\cdot\dfrac{2^n}{3^n}-1}{\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n\cdot2+3}\)
\(=-\dfrac{1}{3}\)
2:
\(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{3^n-4^{n+1}}{3^{n+2}+4^n}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{3^n-4^n\cdot4}{3^n\cdot9+4^n}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^n-4}{\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^n\cdot9+1}=-\dfrac{4}{1}=-4\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Nếu \(a\ne0\Rightarrow\lim\dfrac{an^3+bn^2+2n+4}{n^2+1}=\lim\dfrac{an+b+\dfrac{2}{n}+\dfrac{4}{n^2}}{1+\dfrac{1}{n}}=\infty\) ko thỏa mãn
\(\Rightarrow a=0\)
Khi đó: \(\lim\dfrac{bn^2+2n+4}{n^2+1}=\lim\dfrac{b+\dfrac{2}{n}+\dfrac{4}{n^2}}{1+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}=b\Rightarrow b=1\)
\(\Rightarrow2a+b=1\)