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\(1,\%_{S}=\dfrac{96}{342}.100\%=\dfrac{1600}{57}\%\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=\dfrac{4,8}{\dfrac{1600}{57}\%}=17,1(g)\\ \%_{Al}=\dfrac{54}{342}.100\%=\dfrac{300}{19}\%\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=17,1.\dfrac{300}{19}\%=2,7(g)\\ \Rightarrow m_{S}=17,1-2,7-4,8=9,6(g)\)
\(2,\) Đặt \(n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=a(mol)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Al}=2a;n_{O}=12a(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 12a.16-27.2a=27,6\\ \Rightarrow a=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{O}=12.0,2.16=38,4(g)\\ m_{Al}=2.0,2.27=10,8(g)\\ m_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=0,2.342=68,4(g)\\ \Rightarrow m_{S}=68,4-38,4-10,8=19,2(g)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{33,44}{22,4}=1,5mol\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Al}=\dfrac{1,5}{3}.2=1mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=1.27=27g\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=1,5mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=1,5.98=147g\)
\(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1,5}{3}=0,5mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,5.342=171g\)
\(-PTK_{BaSO_4}=137+32+16.4=233\left(đvC\right)\)
\(-PTK_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=56+\left(16+1\right).3=107\left(đvC\right)\)
\(-PTK_{Na_2SO_3}=23.2+32+16.3=126\left(đvC\right)\)
\(-PTK_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=27.2+\left(32+16.4\right).3=342\left(đvC\right)\)
\(-PTK_{C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}}=12.12+1.22+16.11=342\left(đvC\right)\)
\(-PTK_{Ca\left(NO_3\right)_2}=40+\left(14+16.3\right).2=164\left(đvC\right)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
\(2:3:1:3\left(mol\right)\)
\(0,1:0,15:0,05:0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(a,m_{Al}=n.M=0,1.27=2,7\left(kg\right)\)
\(b,m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n.M=0,05.342=17,1\left(g\right)\)
a) S + O2 --to--> SO2
b) \(n_S=\dfrac{9,6}{32}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4,8}{32}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: S + O2 --to--> SO2
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,15}{1}\) => S dư, O2 hết
c)
PTHH: S + O2 --to--> SO2
________0,15----->0,15
=> mSO2 = 0,15.64 = 9,6(g)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5.4}{27}=0.2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{49}{98}=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(Bđ:0.2..........0.5\)
\(Pư:0.2.........0.3..............0.1............0.3\)
\(Kt:0...........0.2...............0.1.............0.3\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0.1\cdot342=34.2\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}0.3\cdot22.4=6.72\left(l\right)\)
m Al= 2,7g => n Al= 2,7:27= 0,1 mol
tco phương trình phản ứng
2Al+ 3H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
0,1 0,05 0,15 (mol)
n H2= 0,15mol => VH2 = 0,15 . 24,79 = 3,7185(L)
b. n Al2(SO4)3 thu đc ở trên = 0,05 mol => m Al2(SO4)3= 0,5. 342 = 17,1 g
c. n H2SO4 = 9,8: 98= 0,1 mol
ta có pthh
2 Al+ 3H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3+ 3H2
0,1 0,1
V H2= 0,1. 24,79 = 2,479 (L)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{1,35}{27}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow2Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,05=0,075\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05}{2}=0,025\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,025=8,55\left(g\right)\\ b,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\\ c,m_{H_2SO_4}=0,075.98=7,35\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{1,35}{27}=0,05mol\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,05 0,075 0,025 0,075
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,025\cdot342=8,55g\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,075\cdot22,4=1,68l\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,075\cdot98=7,35g\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 \(\rightarrow\)Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2\(\uparrow\)
Theo pt: . 2 ........ 3................... 1............ 3.... (mol)
Theo đề: 0,2 ..... 0,3 ............... 0,1 ........ 0,3... (mol)
a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_{2_{đktc}}}=n.22,4=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
b) \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n.M=0,1.342=34,2\left(g\right)\)
c)
Cách 1:
\(m_{H_2}=n.M=0,3.2=0,6\left(g\right)\)
Theo định luật bảo toàn khối lượng, ta có:
mAl + m H2SO4 = mAl2(SO4)3 + mH2
=> mH2SO4 = mAl2(SO4)3 + mH2 - mAl = 34,2 + 0,6 - 5,4 = 29,4 (g)
Cách 2:
mH2SO4 = n.M = 0,3.98 = 29,4 (g)
Cô bổ sung 1 chút ở cách 2: Nên thêm nH2SO4=nH2=0,3mol
Gọi số mol của Al2(SO4)3 là a (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=2a\left(mol\right)\\n_O=12a\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow16\cdot12a-27\cdot2a=27,6\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,2\cdot342=68,4\left(g\right)\)
\(M_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=2.M_{Al}+3.\left(NTK_S+4.NTK_O\right)\\ =2.27+3.\left(32+4.16\right)=342\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{m_O}{m_{Al}}=\dfrac{4.3.16}{27.2}=\dfrac{32}{9}\)
Mặt khác: mO - mAl= 27,6 => mO=27,6+mAl
=> \(\dfrac{27,6+m_{Al}}{m_{Al}}=\dfrac{32}{9}\Leftrightarrow m_{Al}=10,8\left(g\right)\\\Rightarrow n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}.M_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,2.342=68,4\left(g\right)\)