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a)
$BaCl_2 + H_2SO_4 \to BaSO_4 + 2HCl$
$n_{BaCl_2} = 0,1 < n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,2$ nên $H_2SO_4$ dư
$n_{BaSO_4} = n_{BaCl_2} = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{BaSO_4} = 0,1.233 = 23,3(gam)$
b)
A gồm :
$HCl : 0,1.2 = 0,2(mol)$
$H_2SO_4\ dư : 0,2 - 0,1 = 0,1(mol)$
$V_{dd} = 0,1 + 0,1= 0,2(lít)$
$C_{M_{HCl}} = \dfrac{0,2}{0,2} = 1M$
$C_{M_{H_2SO_4}} = \dfrac{0,1}{0,2} = 0,5M$
c)
$2NaOH + H_2SO_4 \to Na_2SO_4 + 2H_2O$
$n_{NaOH} = 2n_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = 0,2(mol)$
$m_{dd\ NaOH} = \dfrac{0,2.40}{15\%} = 53,33(gam)$
a, PT: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{19,6}{56}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,35\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,35.22,4=7,84\left(l\right)\)
c, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Fe}=0,35\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,35}{0,2}=1,75\left(M\right)\)
d, \(n_{FeSO_4}=n_{Fe}=0,35\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{FeSO_4}=0,35.152=53,2\left(g\right)\)
e, \(C_{M_{FeSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,35}{0,2}=1,75\left(M\right)\)
d, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,25.1,6=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{n_{Fe}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1}\), ta được H2SO4 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=n_{Fe}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,35=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05.98=4,9\left(g\right)\)
a) PTHH: \(SO_3+H_2O\rightarrow H_2SO_4\)
Ta có: \(n_{SO_3}=\dfrac{24}{80}=0,3\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2SO_4}\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3\cdot98}{20\%}=147\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{147}{1,14}\approx128,95\left(ml\right)\)
b) PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)=n_{FeSO_4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,3\cdot56=16,8\left(g\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,3\cdot24,76=7,428\left(l\right)\\m_{FeSO_4}=0,3\cdot152=45,6\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,3\cdot2=0,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{Fe}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=163,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{45,6}{163,2}\cdot100\%\approx27,94\%\)
Bài 1:
\(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Na}=n_{Na_2O}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ a.m_{Na}=0,4.23=9,2\left(g\right)\\ b.C_{MddA}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,5}=0,8\left(M\right)\\ C\%_{ddA}=\dfrac{0,4.40}{500.1,2}.100\approx2,667\%\)
PTHH: \(K_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2KOH\)
a) \(n_{K_2O}=\dfrac{23,5}{94}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{KOH}=2n_{K_2O}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{KOH}=0,5.56=28\left(g\right)\)
b) \(C_{M_{ddKOH}}=\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,4}=1,25M\)
\(BTNT\left(S\right):n_{SO3}=n_{SO2}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=\dfrac{5}{14}\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có : \(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{9}{25}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{5}{14}+\dfrac{9}{25}=\dfrac{251}{350}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%=\dfrac{m_{H2SO4}}{m_{dd}}.100\%=64,7\%\)
a) PTHH: \(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
Ta có: \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{Na_2O}=2\cdot\dfrac{6,2}{62}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
b) PTHH: \(2NaOH+CuSO_4\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+Na_2SO_4\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuSO_4}=0,2\cdot2,5=0,5\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,5}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) CuSO4 còn dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Na_2SO_4}\\n_{CuSO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\cdot98=9,8\left(g\right)\\C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,4+0,2}\approx0,17\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{CuSO_4\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,6}\approx0,67\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi $n_{Na_2O} = 2a(mol) \Rightarrow n_{K_2O} = a(mol)$
$\Rightarrow 2a.62 + 94a = 21,8 \Rightarrow a = 0,1(mol)$
$Na_2O + H_2O \to 2NaOH$
$K_2O + H_2O \to 2KOH$
$n_{NaOH} = 2n_{Na_2O} = 0,4(mol)$
$n_{KOH} = 2n_{K_2O} = 0,2(mol)$
$C_{M_{NaOH}} = \dfrac{0,4}{0,5} = 0,8M$
$C_{M_{KOH}} = \dfrac{0,2}{0,5} = 0,4M$
$m_{dd} = D.V = 1,04.500 = 520(gam)$
$C\%_{NaOH} = \dfrac{0,4.40}{520}.100\% = 3,1\%$
$C\%_{KOH} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{520}.100\% = 2,15\%$