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Bài 1:
Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=0,2.0,5=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
BTNT H, có: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2O}\Rightarrow n_{H_2O}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Theo ĐL BTKL, có: m oxit + mHCl = mmuối + mH2O
⇒ mmuối = 2,8 + 0,1.36,5 - 0,05.18 = 5,55 (g)
Bài 2:
\(m_{KOH}=200.5,6\%=11,2\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{KOH}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2KOH+CuCl_2\rightarrow2KCl+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{KOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1.98=9,8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HNO_3}=n_{NO_3^{^-}}=0,2.2=0,4mol\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{SO_4^{2-}}=0,2.1=0,2mol\\ n_{KOH}=x\left(mol\right);V_{ddBase}=v\left(L\right)\\ H^++OH^-->H_2O\\ 0,4+0,4=x+2.0,5.v\\ x+v=0,8\left(I\right)\\ m_{rắn}=62.0,4+96.0,2+39x+137.v.0,5=87\\ 39x+68,5v=43\left(II\right)\\ \Rightarrow x=v=0,4\\ V=1000v=400\left(mL\right)\)
Ta có: 40nNaOH + 56nKOH = 3,04 (1)
PT: \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
\(KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}\)
\(n_{KCl}=n_{KOH}\)
⇒ 58,5nNaOH + 74,5nKOH = 4,15 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\n_{KOH}=0,04\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{KOH}=\dfrac{0,04.56}{3,04}.100\%\approx73,68\%\)
→ Đáp án: C
2Na+2H2O->2NaOH+H2
x-------------------x---------0,5x
2K+2H2O->2KOH+H2
y-----------------y-----------0,5y
nH2O=2n H2
=>mH2O=\(\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}2.18\)=7,2g
Ta có :\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}23x+39y=11,6\\0,5x+0,5y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>x=0,25 mol, y=0,15 mol
=>m bazo=0,25.40+0,15.56=18,4g
d) m Na=0,25.23=5,75g
=>m K=0,15.39=5,85g
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
gọi nNa :a , nk :b (a,b>0)
=> 23a+39b=11,6(g)
\(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
a \(\dfrac{1}{2}a\)
\(2K+2H_2O\rightarrow2KOH+H_2\)
b \(\dfrac{1}{2}b\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}23a+39b=11,6\\\dfrac{1}{2}a+\dfrac{1}{2}b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> a= 0,25 , b = 0,15(mol)
theo pt nH2O = 0,4+0,4=0,8(mol)
=> mH2O = 0,8.18=14,4(g)
theo pthh : nKOH = 0,15 , nNaOH = 0,25
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{KOH}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\\m_{NaOH}=0,25.40=10\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_K=0,15.39=5,85\left(g\right)\\m_{Na}=0,25.23=5,75\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2O_3}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{ZnO}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(đk:a,b>0\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=1,5.0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Fe2O3 + 6HCl ---> FeCl3 + 3H2O
a-------->6a
ZnO + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
b----->2b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}160a+81b=8,83\\6a+2b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,04\left(mol\right)\\b=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(TM\right)\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,04.160=6,4\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnO}=0,03.81=2,43\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, PTHH:
Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 ---> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
0,04------>0,12
ZnO + H2SO4 ---> ZnSO4 + H2O
0,03->0,03
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=\left(0,12+0,03\right).98=14,7\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{14,7.100}{30\%}=49\left(g\right)\)
gọi \(x,y\) lần lượt là số \(mol\) của\(CuO\) và \(ZnO\)
số \(mol\) \(HCl\)
\(N=Cm.V=3.0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
lập \(PTHH\) :
\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl2+H2O\)
\(x\Rightarrow2x\)
\(ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl2+H2O\)
\(y\Rightarrow2y\)
theo \(PTP\) , ta có :
\(2x+2y=0,3\) \(\left(1\right)\)
theo đề ra :
\(mCuO+mZnO=80x+81y=12,1\left(g\right)\) \(\left(2\right)\)
từ \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\Rightarrow80x+81y=12,1\left(g\right)\Rightarrow x=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(2x+2y=0,3\Rightarrow y=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(a,\) \(\%CuO=\dfrac{0,05.80.100}{12,1}=33,06\%\)
\(\%ZnO=\dfrac{0,1.80.100}{12,1}=66,94\%\)
\(b,\) \(CuO+H2SO4\rightarrow CuOSO4+H2O\)
\(0,05\rightarrow0,05\)
\(ZnO+H2SO4\rightarrow ZnSO4+H2O\)
\(0,1\rightarrow0,1\)
\(nH2SO4=0,05+0,1=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(mH2SO4=0,15.98=14,7\left(g\right)\)
\(mddH2SO4=14,7:20=73,5\left(g\right)\)
PT: \(2K+2H_2O\rightarrow2KOH+H_2\)
\(Ba+2H_2O\rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\)
\(K_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2KOH\)
\(BaO+H_2O\rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT, có: \(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_K+n_{Ba}\)
\(\Rightarrow n_K+2n_{Ba}=0,04\left(1\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{KOH}=\dfrac{2,24}{56}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(\Sigma n_{KOH}=n_K+2n_{K_2O}\)
\(\Rightarrow n_K+2n_{K_2O}=0,04\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow n_K+2n_{Ba}=n_K+2n_{K_2O}\) \(\Rightarrow n_{Ba}=n_{K_2O}=\dfrac{0,04-n_K}{2}\) (3)
Mà: mA = 4,62 (g)
\(\Rightarrow39n_K+137n_{Ba}+94n_{K_2O}+153n_{BaO}=4,62\) (4)
Từ (3) và (4) \(\Rightarrow2n_{BaO}=n_K\) (5)
Từ (1) và (5) \(\Rightarrow n_{BaO}+n_{Ba}=\dfrac{0,04}{2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(\Sigma n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{Ba}+n_{BaO}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,02.171=3,42\left(g\right)\)
Tuy cách này vận dụng toán nhiều hơn hóa nhưng bạn tham khảo nhé!
Coi A gồm : K,Ba,O
Ta có : \(n_K = n_{KOH} = \dfrac{2,24}{56} = 0,04(mol)\)
Gọi :\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Ba}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_O=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)⇒ 137a + 16b = 4,62 - 0,04.39 = 3,06(1)
Bảo toàn e :
\(n_K + 2n_{Ba} = 2n_{H_2} + 2n_O\\ \Rightarrow 2a - 2b = 0(2)\)
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,02 ; b = 0,02
Vậy :
\(n_{Ba(OH)_2} = n_{Ba} = 0,02(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Ba(OH)_2} = 0,02.171 = 3,42(gam)\)
VX = 200ml = 0,2 (l)
CMX = 1+0,5 = 1,5M
nX = CM.V = 0,2 . 1,5 = 0,3 (mol)
mKOH = 0,3 . 56 = 16,8 (g)
mNaOH = 0,3 . 40 = 12 (g)
mhh = 16,8 + 12 = 28,8(g)