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Chúng ta tính giới hạn sau:
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{1-\sqrt[n]{x}}{1-x}\)
Cách đơn giản nhất là sử dụng L'Hopital:
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{1-x^{\dfrac{1}{n}}}{1-x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{-\dfrac{1}{n}x^{\dfrac{1}{n}-1}}{-1}=\dfrac{1}{n}\)
Phức tạp hơn thì tách mẫu theo hằng đẳng thức
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{1-\sqrt[x]{n}}{\left(1-\sqrt[n]{x}\right)\left(1+\sqrt[n]{x}+\sqrt[n]{x^2}+...+\sqrt[n]{x^{n-1}}\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt[n]{x}+\sqrt[n]{x^2}+...+\sqrt[n]{x^{n-1}}}=\dfrac{1}{n}\)
Tóm lại ta có:
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{1-\sqrt[n]{x}}{1-x}=\dfrac{1}{n}\)
Do đó:
\(I_1=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\left(\dfrac{1-\sqrt[2]{x}}{1-x}\right)\left(\dfrac{1-\sqrt[3]{x}}{1-x}\right)...\left(\dfrac{1-\sqrt[n]{x}}{1-x}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{1}{3}...\dfrac{1}{n}=\dfrac{1}{n!}\)
Câu 2 cũng vậy: L'Hopital hoặc tách hằng đẳng thức trâu bò (thôi L'Hopital đi cho đỡ sợ)
\(I_2=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{1+x^2}+x\right)^n-\left(\sqrt{1+x^2}-x\right)^n}{x}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{n\left(\sqrt{1+x^2}+x\right)^{n-1}\left(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+1\right)-n\left(\sqrt{1+x^2}-x\right)^{n-1}\left(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}-1\right)}{1}\)
\(=\dfrac{n.1-n\left(-1\right)}{1}=2n\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đáp án A, khi \(x\rightarrow1\) thì \(x-2< 0\) nên biểu thức không xác định
\(\Rightarrow\) Giới hạn đã cho ko tồn tại
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1. Áp dụng quy tắc L'Hopital
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\sqrt{x+1}-1}{f\left(0\right)-f\left(x\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x+1}}}{-f'\left(0\right)}=-\dfrac{1}{6}\)
2.
\(g'\left(x\right)=2x.f'\left(\sqrt{x^2+4}\right)=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\f'\left(\sqrt{x^2+4}\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\\sqrt{x^2+4}=1\\\sqrt{x^2+4}=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
2 pt cuối đều vô nghiệm nên \(g'\left(x\right)=0\) có đúng 1 nghiệm
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\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow+\infty}\left(\sqrt[n]{\left(x+a_1\right)\left(x+a_2\right)...\left(x+a_n\right)}-x\right)\\ =\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow+\infty}\left(\dfrac{\left(x+a_1\right)\left(x+a_2\right)...\left(x+a_n\right)-x^n}{\sqrt[n]{\left(\left(x+a_1\right)\left(x+a_2\right)...\left(x+a_n\right)\right)^{n-1}}+...+x^{n-1}}\right)\)
= hệ số xn-1 trên tử/hệ số xn-1 dưới mẫu = \(\dfrac{a_1+a_2+...+a_n}{n}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a/ \(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-\infty}\dfrac{x^2+1-x^2}{\sqrt{x^2+1}-x}+\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-\infty}\dfrac{3x^3-1-x^3}{\sqrt[3]{\left(3x^3-1\right)^2}+x\sqrt[3]{3x^3-1}+x^2}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-\infty}\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x}}{-\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}-\dfrac{x}{x}}+\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-\infty}\dfrac{-\dfrac{1}{x^2}}{\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{\left(3x^3-1\right)^2}}{x^2}+\dfrac{x\sqrt[3]{3x^3-1}}{x^2}+\dfrac{x^2}{x^2}}=0\)
b/ \(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow+\infty}\dfrac{x^2+x-x^2}{\sqrt{x^2+x}+x}+\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow+\infty}\dfrac{x^3-x^3+x^2}{x^2+x\sqrt[3]{x^3-x^2}+\sqrt[3]{\left(x^3-x^2\right)^2}}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow+\infty}\dfrac{\dfrac{x}{x}}{\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2}{x^2}+\dfrac{x}{x^2}}+\dfrac{x}{x}}+\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow+\infty}\dfrac{\dfrac{x^2}{x^2}}{\dfrac{x^2}{x^2}+\dfrac{x\sqrt[3]{x^3-x^2}}{x^2}+\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{\left(x^3-x^2\right)^2}}{x^2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{5}{6}\)
c/ \(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow+\infty}\dfrac{2x-1-2x-1}{\sqrt[3]{\left(2x-1\right)^2}+\sqrt[3]{4x^2-1}+\sqrt[3]{\left(2x+1\right)^2}}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow+\infty}\dfrac{-\dfrac{2}{x^{\dfrac{2}{3}}}}{\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{\left(2x-1\right)^2}}{x^{\dfrac{2}{3}}}+\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{4x^2-1}}{x^{\dfrac{2}{3}}}+\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{\left(2x+1\right)^2}}{x^{\dfrac{2}{3}}}}=0\)
Check lai ho minh nhe :v
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a: \(\lim\limits_{x->0^-^-}\dfrac{-2x+x}{x\left(x-1\right)}=lim_{x->0^-}\left(\dfrac{-x}{x\left(x-1\right)}\right)\)
\(=lim_{x->0^-}\left(\dfrac{-1}{x-1}\right)=\dfrac{-1}{0-1}=\dfrac{-1}{-1}=1\)
b: \(=lim_{x->-\infty}\left(\dfrac{x^2-x-x^2+1}{\sqrt{x^2-x}+\sqrt{x^2-1}}\right)\)
\(=lim_{x->-\infty}\left(\dfrac{-x+1}{\sqrt{x^2-x}+\sqrt{x^2-1}}\right)\)
\(=lim_{x->-\infty}\left(\dfrac{-1+\dfrac{1}{x}}{-\sqrt{1-\dfrac{1}{x^2}}-\sqrt{1-\dfrac{1}{x^2}}}\right)=\dfrac{-1}{-2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
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Lời giải:
a) \(\lim\limits_{x\to -\infty}\frac{x+3}{3x-1}=\lim\limits_{x\to -\infty}\frac{1+\frac{3}{x}}{3-\frac{1}{x}}=\frac{1}{3}\)
b)
\(\lim\limits_{x\to +\infty}\frac{(\sqrt{x^2+1}+x)^n-(\sqrt{x^2+1}-x)^n}{x}=\lim\limits_{x\to +\infty} 2[(\sqrt{x^2+1}+x)^{n-1}+(\sqrt{x^2+1}+x)^{n-1}(\sqrt{x^2+1}-x)+....+(\sqrt{x^2+1}-x)^{n-1}]\)
\(=+\infty\)
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\(L_1=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{x\left(x^2+3x-2\right)}{x\left(x^4+4\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{x^2+3x-2}{x^4+4}=-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(L_2=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow+\infty}\frac{1-\frac{3}{x^2}+\frac{2}{x^3}}{\left(\frac{4}{x}-2\right)^3}=\frac{1}{\left(-2\right)^3}=-\frac{1}{8}\)
\(L_3=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-1}\frac{\left(2x+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{x\left(x+1\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-1}\frac{2x+1}{x}=1\)
\(L_4=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\frac{x^2-4x+1}{4-x^2}=\frac{1}{0}=+\infty\)
\(L_5=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow3}\frac{\sqrt{x+1}-2}{x-2}=\frac{0}{1}=0\)
\(L_6=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{x+3-\left(x+1\right)^2}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x+3}+x+1\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{-\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x+3}+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\frac{-\left(x+2\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x+3}+x+1\right)}=\frac{-3}{2.4}=-\frac{3}{8}\)
\(L_7=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow+\infty}\frac{x^2+x+1-\left(x-1\right)^2}{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}+x-1}\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow+\infty}\frac{3x}{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}+x-1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow+\infty}\frac{3}{\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x^2}}+1-\frac{1}{x}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(L_8=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-\infty}\frac{x^2+x+1-\left(3x-2\right)^2}{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}+3x-2}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-\infty}\frac{-8x^2+13x-3}{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}+3x-2}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-\infty}\frac{-8+\frac{13}{x}-\frac{3}{x^2}}{-\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x^2}}+3-\frac{2}{x}}=\frac{-8}{-1+3}=-4\)