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Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{y}}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\right)\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT trên ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{3}VP\le\dfrac{1}{9}\cdot3\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}VT\)
Xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)
\(VT^2\le3\left(\dfrac{1}{2x^2+y^2+3}+\dfrac{1}{2y^2+z^2+3}+\dfrac{1}{2z^2+x^2+3}\right)\)
Mặt khác:
\(\dfrac{1}{2\left(x^2+1\right)+y^2+1}\le\dfrac{1}{4x+2y}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{x+x+y}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{18}\left(\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT^2\le\dfrac{1}{6}\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}+\dfrac{3}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\)
Áp dụng liên tiếp bất đẳng thức Mincopxki và bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(A=\sqrt{x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}+\sqrt{y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}}+\sqrt{z^2+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}\)
\(A\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}\)
\(A\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+y+z}\right)^2}\)
\(A\ge\sqrt{4+\dfrac{81}{4}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{97}{4}}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(x=y=z=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(B=\sqrt{x^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}+\sqrt{y^2+\dfrac{1}{z^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}+\sqrt{z^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}}\)
\(B\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}\)
\(B=\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+2\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}\)
\(B\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+2\left(\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+y+z}\right)^2}\)
\(B\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{162}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}\)
\(B\ge\sqrt{4+\dfrac{162}{4}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{89}{2}}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(x=y=z=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
bài 3:
a, đặt x12=y9=z5=k
=>x=12k,y=9k,z=5k
ta có: ayz=20=> 12k.9k.5k=20
=> (12.9.5)k^3=20
=>540.k^3=20
=>k^3=20/540=1/27
=>k=1/3
=>x=12.1/3=4
y=9.1/3=3
z=5.1/3=5/3
vậy x=4,y=3,z=5/3
b,ta có: x5=y7=z3=x225=y249=z29
A/D tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
x5=y7=z3=x225=y249=z29=x2+y2−z225+49−9=58565=9
=>x=5.9=45
y=7.9=63
z=3*9=27
vậy x=45,y=63,z=27
Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{x};2\sqrt{y};3\sqrt{z}\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\Rightarrow a;b;c\ge0\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{2}{a+b+c}-\dfrac{1}{ab+bc+ca}\le\dfrac{2}{a+b+c}-\dfrac{3}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=-3\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{3}\le\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi: \(a=b=c=1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\dfrac{1}{4}\\z=\dfrac{1}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-2}+\sqrt{z-3}=6-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x-1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y-2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z-3}}\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x-1}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{y-2}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y-2}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{z-3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z-3}}\right)=6\)Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cô si ta có :
\(\sqrt{x-1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x-1}}\ge2\sqrt{\sqrt{x-1}.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x-1}}}=2\)
Tương tự :\(\sqrt{y-2}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y-2}}\ge2\)
\(\sqrt{z-3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z-3}}\ge2\)
Do đó :\(\left(\sqrt{x-1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x-1}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{y-2}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y-2}}\right)+\left(\sqrt{z-3}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z-3}}\right)\ge6\)Dấu "=+ xảy ra khi :\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-1}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x-1}}\\\sqrt{y-2}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y-2}}\\\sqrt{z-3}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z-3}}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=1\\y-2=1\\z-3=1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=3\\z=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(x=2,y=3,z=4\)
camon