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1) x2 + x - y2 + y = (x2 - y2) + (x + y) = (x - y)(x + y) + (x + y) = (x - y + 1)(x + y)
2) 4x2 - 9y2 + 4x - 6y = (4x2 - 9y2) + (4x - 6y) = (2x - 3y)(2x + 3y) + 2(2x - 3y) = (2x - 3y)(2x + 3y + 2)
3) x2 + x + y2 + y + 2xy = (x2 + 2xy + y2) + (x + y) = (x + y)2 + (x + y) = (x + y)(x + y + 1)
4) -x2 + 5x + 2xy - 5y - y2 = -(x2 - 2xy + y2) + (5x - 5y) = -(x - y)2 + 5(x - y) = (x - y)(y - x + 5)
5) x2 - y2 + 2x + 1 = (x2 + 2x + 1) - y2 = (x + 1)2 - y2 = (x + 1 + y)(x - y + 1)
6) x2 - 1 - y2 + 2y = x2 - (y2 - 2y + 1) = x2 - (y - 1)2 = (x - y + 1)(x + y - 1)
7) x2 + 2xz - y2 + 2uy + z2 - u2 =(x2 + 2xz + z2) - (y2 - 2uy + u2) = (x + z)2 - (y - u)2 = (x + z - y + u)(x + z + y - u)
8) x3 + 3x2y + x + 3xy2 + y + y3 = (x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3) + (x + y) = (x + y)3 + (x + y) = (x + y)(x2 + 2xy + y2 + 1)
9) x3 + y(1 - 3x2) + x(3y2 - 1) - y3 = x3 + y - 3x2y + 3xy2 - x - y3 = (x3 - 3x2y + 3xy2 - y3) - (x - y) = (x - y)3 - (x - y) = (x - y)(x2 - 2xy+y2-1)
Bài làm :
\(\text{a)}9\left(x+y-1\right)^2-4\left(2x+3y+1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(3x+3y-3\right)^2-\left(4x+6y+2\right)^2\)
\(=\left(3x+3y-3-4x-6y-2\right)\left(3x+3y-3+4x+6y+2\right)\)
\(=\left(-x-3y-5\right)\left(7x+9y-1\right)\)
\(\text{b)}3x^4y^2+3x^3y^2+3xy^2+3y^2\)
\(=\left(3x^4y^2+3xy^2\right)+\left(3x^3y^2+3y^2\right)\)
\(=3xy^2\left(x^3+1\right)+3y^2\left(x^3+1\right)\)
\(=\left(3xy^2+3y^2\right)\left(x^3+1\right)\)
\(=3y^2\left(x+1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)
\(=3y^2\left(x+1\right)^2\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)
\(\text{c)}\left(x+y\right)^3-1-3xy\left(x+y-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y-1\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2+x+y+1\right]-3xy\left(x+y-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y-1\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2+x+y+1-3xy\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y-1\right)\left(x^2+x+y^2+y+1-xy\right)\)
\(d ) x^3+3x^2+3x+1-27z^3\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^3-\left(3z\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x+1-3z\right)\left(x^2+2x+1+3xz+3z+9z^2\right)\)
a) \(\left(3x-5\right)\left(5-3x\right)+9\left(x+1\right)^2=30\)
\(\Rightarrow15x-9x^2-25+15x+9\left(x^2+2x+1\right)-30=0\)
\(\Rightarrow30x-9x^2-25+9x^2+18x+9-30=0\)
\(\Rightarrow48x-46=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{23}{24}\)
b) \(\left(x+4\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)=16\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2+8x+16\right)-\left(x^2-1\right)=16\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+8x+16-x^2+1=16\)
\(\Rightarrow8x+17=16\)
\(\Rightarrow8x=-1\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{-1}{8}\)
c) \(\left(y-2\right)^3-\left(y-3\right)\left(y^2+3y+9\right)+6\left(y+1\right)^2=49\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(y-2\right)^3-\left(y^3-3^3\right)+6\left(y^2+2y+1\right)=49\)
\(\Rightarrow y^3-6y^2+12y-8-y^3+27+6y^2+12y+6=49\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(y^3-y^3\right)+\left(-6y^2+6y^2\right)+\left(12y+12y\right)+\left(-8+27+6\right)=49\)
\(\Rightarrow24y+25=49\)
\(\Rightarrow24y=24\)
\(\Rightarrow y=1\)
d) \(\left(y+3\right)^3-\left(y+1\right)^3=56\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(y+3-y-1\right)[\left(y+3\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)^2]=56\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(y^2+6y+9+y^2+4y+3+y^2+2y+1\right)=56\)
\(\Rightarrow3y^2+12y+13=28\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3y^2+15y\right)-\left(3y+15\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow3y\left(y+5\right)-3\left(y+5\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(y-1\right)\left(y+5\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x-1=0\\x+5=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=1\\x=-5\end{cases}}\)