Question

[Trần Mạnh Tiến]

so sánh tổng S = (1/2) + (2/2^2) + (3/2^3)+...+(n/2^n)+...+(2019/2^2019) với 2 (n >0 và n nguyên dương )

Answer 1

[Xyz OLM]

Ta có \(S=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2}{2^2}+\frac{3}{2^3}+...+\frac{2018}{2^{2018}}+\frac{2019}{2^{2019}}\)

=> 2S = \(1+1+\frac{3}{2^2}+...+\frac{2018}{2^{2017}}+\frac{2019}{2^{2018}}\)

Khi đó 2S - S = \(\left(1+1+\frac{3}{2^2}+..+\frac{2018}{2^{2017}}+\frac{2019}{2^{2018}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2}{2^2}+\frac{3}{2^3}+...+\frac{2018}{2^{2018}}+\frac{2^{2019}}{2019}\right)\)

=> S = \(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2017}}+\frac{1}{2^{2018}}-\frac{2019}{2^{2019}}\)

Đặt P = \(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2017}}+\frac{1}{2^{2018}}\)

=> 2P = \(2+1+\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2016}}+\frac{1}{2^{2017}}\)

Khi đó 2P - P = \(\left(2+1+\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2016}}+\frac{1}{2^{2017}}\right)-\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2017}}+\frac{1}{2^{2018}}\right)\)

P = \(2-\frac{1}{2^{2018}}\)

Thay P vào S 

=> S = \(2-\frac{1}{2^{2018}}-\frac{2019}{2^{2019}}=2-\frac{2}{2^{2019}}-\frac{2019}{2^{2019}}=2-\frac{2021}{2^{2019}}< 2\)

Vậy S < 2