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\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+......+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}}{\left(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)}+......+\frac{\sqrt{n-1}-\sqrt{n}}{\left(\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n-1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}\)\(=\frac{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}}{1-2}+\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{2-3}+......+\frac{\sqrt{n-1}-\sqrt{n}}{n-1-n}\)
=\(-\left(\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}+......+\sqrt{n-1}-\sqrt{n}\right)=-\left(1-\sqrt{n}\right)=\sqrt{n}-1\)
a, Chắc xét hàm số tổng quát!
Xét hàm số tổng quát:
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{k}}{k\left(k+1\right)}=\sqrt{k}\left(\dfrac{1}{k\left(k+1\right)}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{k}\left[\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{k}}^2-\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{k+1}}^2\right]\)
\(=\sqrt{k}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\dfrac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)\)
Vì \(\dfrac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{k+1}}< 1\Rightarrow1+\dfrac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{k+1}}< 2\)
Do đó \(\left(1+\dfrac{\sqrt{k}}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)< 2.\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}}< 2\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}}\right)\) (1)
Áp dụng điểu (1) ta được:
\(\dfrac{1}{2}< 2\left(\dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}< 2\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)\)
...................................
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+....+\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(\dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+....+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Với mọi giá trị của \(n>0\) ta luôn có: \(\sqrt{n+1}>0\)
Do đó \(\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}< 2\) (đpcm)
thêm ĐK nha n>3 nữa