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1. By the 1930s, more than 282 million acres of farmland _______ in America by erosion.
A. damaged B. was damaged C. were damaged D. damages
2. The community house _______ after massive destruction of the earthquake now.
A. was rebuilt B. is being rebuilt C. has rebuilt D. is rebuilt
3. People living around the volcano ______ for one hour.
A. has evacuated B. have evacuated
C. have been evacuated D. has been evacuated
4. The air ________ if people build more factories here.
A. polluted B. will polluted C. will be polluted D. pollute
5. More trees ____ every year to protect the environmental.
A. are planted B. planted C. were planted D. will be planted
Read and put the headings into the correct paragraphs.
(There is one extra)
1. Effect on health of humans
2. Effect on growth of plants
3. Decreased soil fertility
4. Toxic dust
5. Changes in temperature
6. Changes in soil structure
Effects of Soil Pollution
1. : Considering how soil is the reason we are
able to sustain ourselves, the contamination of it has major consequences on our
health. Crops and plants grown on polluted soil absorb much of the pollution and
then pass these on to us. This could explain the sudden surge in small and terminal
illnesses.
Effect on health of humans
2. : The ecological balance of any system gets
affected due to the widespread contamination of the soil. Most plants are unable to
adapt when the chemistry of the soil changes so radically in a short period of time.
Fungi and bacteria found in the soil that bind it together begin to decline, which
creates an additional problem of soil erosion.
Effect on growth of plants
3. : The toxic chemicals present in the soil can
decrease soil fertility and therefore decrease in the soil yield. The contaminated soil
is then used to produce fruits and vegetables which lacks quality nutrients and may
contain some poisonous substance to cause serious health problems in people
consuming them.
Decreased soil fertility
4. : The emission of toxic and foul gases from
landfills pollutes the environment and causes serious effects on health of some
people. The unpleasant smell causes inconvenience to other people.
Toxic Dust
5. : The death of many soil organisms (e.g.
earthworms) in the soil can lead to alteration in soil structure. Apart from that, it
could also force other predators to move to other places in search of food.
1. A. for B. of C. to D. with
2. A. chemicals B. means C. fuels D. matters
3. A. covers B. protects C. stops D. damages
4. A. environmental B. thermal C. temperature D. global
5. A. affects B. causes C. sources D. effects
6. A. never B. even C. ever D. hardly
7. A. because of B. in spite of C. instead of D. due of
8. A. climbing B. walking C. touching D. putting up
Read the following passage and mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Environmental concerns
Earth is the only place we know of in the universe that can support human life. (1)..................... human activities are making the planet less fit to live on. As the western world carries on human consuming (2)................... of the world's resources wwhile half of the world's population do so just to stay (3)..................... we are rapidly destroying the only resource we have (4)...................... which all people can survive and prosper. Everywhere fertile soil is (5)...................... built on or washed into sea. Renewable resources are exploited so much that they will never be able to recover (6)....................... We discharge pollutants into the atmosphere without any thought of the consequences. As a (7)........................ the planet's ability to support people is being reduced at the very time when rising human numbers and consumption are making increasingly heavy demands on it.
The Earth's (8)..........................resources are there for us to use. We need food, water, air, energy, medicines, warmth, shelter and minerals to (9)......................... us fed, comfortable, healthy and active. If we are sensible in how we use the resources they will last indenfinitely. But if we use them wastefully and excessively, they will soon (10)................... and everyone will suffer.
| 1 | A. Still | B. Despite | C. Yet | D. Although |
| 2 | A. two-thirds | B. two-third | C. two-three | D. two-threes |
| 3 | A. survival | B. alive | C.existent | D. live |
| 4 | A. on | B. at | C. in | D. by |
| 5 | A. sooner | B. rather | C. either | D. neither |
| 6. | A. completely | B. quite | C. greatly | D. utterly |
| 7. | A. result | B. product | C. development | D. reaction |
| 8. | A. natural | B. real | C. living | D. genuine |
| 9. | A. stay | B. keep | C. maintain | D. hold |
| 10. | A. run out | B. run away | C. run up | D. run off |
II. Fill in the blank of the following passage with ONE suitable word. Write your answer on your answer sheet.
There is much more water than land (1)____on_______ the surface of the earth. The sea and oceans (2)_____are________ nearly four-fifths of the whole world, and only one-fifth of (3)___surface _______ land. If you traveled over the earth (4)____in_____different directions, you would have to spend much more of your time (5)______travelling__________ on water than on roads or railways. We sometimes forget that (6)______each_________ every mile of land there is four miles of water.
There is much water on the surface of our earth that we (7)______have________ to use two words to describe. We use the word seas to (8)____describle __________ those parts of water surface which (9)_______are _______ only a few hundreds of miles wide, the word oceans to describe the huge areas of water which are thousands of miles wide (10)_____and_____ very deep.
III. Read the following passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Identify your answer by writing the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet.
One of the most urgent environmental problems in the world today is the shortage of clean water. Having clean drinking water is basic human right. But acid rain, industrial pollution and garbage have made many sources of water undrinkable. Lakes, reservoirs and even entire seas have become vast pools of poison. Lake Baikal in Russia is one of the largest lakes in the world. It contains a rich variety of animals and plants, including 1,300 rare species that do not exist anywhere else in the world. But they are being destroyed by the massive volumes of industrial effluent which pours into the lake everyday. Even where law existed, the government did not have the power to enforce them. Most industries simply ignore the regulations. The Mediterranean Sea occupies 1% of the world’s water surface. But it is the dumping ground for 50% of all marine pollution. Almost 16 countries regularly throw industrial wastes a few miles off shore.
Water is free to everyone. A few years ago people thought that the supply of clean water in the world was limitless. Today, many water supplies have been ruined by pollution and sewage. Clean water is now scarce, and we are at last beginning to respect this precious source. We should do something now.
1. According to the writer, one environmental problem in the world today is ________ .
A. acid rain B. industrial pollution. C. safe water shortage. D. population explosion .
2. Many sources of water are not drinkable because of _______ .
A. acid rain. B. industrial pollution. C. garbage D. all A, B, C, are correct
3. What is serious problem of Lake Baikal in Russia?
A. It contains a rich variety of animals and plants.
B. It is polluted by massive volumes of industrial wastes discharged into it .
C. It has 1,300 rare species that do not exist anywhere else in the world .
D. The government did not have the power to enforce laws and regulations.
4. How many countries throw industrial waste into the Mediterranean Sea regularly?
A. nearly 16 B. exactly 16. C. exactly 15 D. less than 15.
5. What is the message to the reader?
A. We should take action to protect our water resources.
B. We should take all water resources into account.
C. We should limit the use of water resources.
D. We should encourage people to use safe water.
