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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.

Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth's ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and runoff of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have irrevocably redirected the course of evolution.

Certainly, there have been periods in Earth's history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only 0.01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.

However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes selves, that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments
According to the passage, natural evolutionary change is different from changes caused by humans in that changes caused by humans___________.

A. affect fewer ecosystems

B. are occurring at a much faster rate

C. are reversible

D. are less devastating to most species

1
27 tháng 12 2017

Đáp án B

Theo bài đọc, sự thay đổi về mặt tiến hóa tự nhiên thì khác với những thay đổi mà con người gây ra ở chỗ là những thay đổi mà con người gây ra ________________.

A. Ảnh hưởng tới ít hệ sinh thái hơn.

B. thì xảy ra ở tốc độ nhanh hơn nhiều

C. thì không có mặt trái

D. Thì ít tàn phá tới các loài.

Dẫn chứng: “However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment”

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth’s ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and runoff of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have irrevocably redirected the course of evolution.

Certainly, there have been periods in Earth’s history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only 0.01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.

However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves, that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments.
Question:
The word “jolting” is closest in meaning to

A. shocking

B. unknown

C. illuminating

D. predicted

1
13 tháng 5 2018

Đáp án A

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Từ "jolting" gần nghĩa nhất với

A. gây sốc                        B. không biết

C. chiếu sáng                             D. dự đoán

"jolting" = shocking: gây sốc, chao đảo

The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems.

Tỷ lệ tuyệt chủng của các loài trong những môi trường này đang chao đảo, nhưng điều quan trọng là nhận ra tầm quan trọng của đa dạng sinh học trong tất cả các hệ sinh thái.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth’s ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and runoff of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have irrevocably redirected the course of evolution.

Certainly, there have been periods in Earth’s history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only 0.01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.

However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves, that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments.
Question:
The word “critical” is closest in meaning to

A. complicated

B. interesting

C. negative

D. essential

1
29 tháng 1 2017

Đáp án D

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Từ “critical” gần nhất có nghĩa là

A. phức tạp                      B. thú vị

C. tiêu cực                       D. cần thiết

“critical” = essential: quan trọng, cần thiết

Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. Sự đa dạng sinh học đã trở thành một vấn đề bảo tồn quan trọng chỉ trong hai thập kỷ qua.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth’s ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and runoff of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have irrevocably redirected the course of evolution.

Certainly, there have been periods in Earth’s history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only 0.01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.

However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves, that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments.
Question:
What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The cause of the extinction of the dinosaurs

B. The variety of species found in tropical rain forests

C. The time required for species to adapt to new environments

D. The impact of human activities on Earth’s ecosystems

1
25 tháng 1 2019

Đáp án D

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Đoạn văn chủ yếu thảo luận gì?

A. Nguyên nhân của sự tuyệt chủng khủng long

B. Sự đa dạng của các loài được tìm thấy trong rừng mưa nhiệt đới

C. Thời gian cần thiết để các loài thích ứng với môi trường mới

D. Tác động của các hoạt động con người đến các hệ sinh thái của trái đất

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.

Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth's ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and runoff of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have irrevocably redirected the course of evolution.

Certainly, there have been periods in Earth's history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only 0.01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.

However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes selves, that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments
The author mentions all of the following as examples of the effect of humans on the world’s ecosystems EXCEPT_________.

A. damage to marine ecosystems

B. habitat destruction in wetlandsC. the introduction of new varieties of plant species

C. the introduction of new varieties of plant species

D. destruction of the tropical rain forests

1
14 tháng 4 2017

Đáp án C

Tác giả đề cập tất cả những điều sau như những ví dụ về tác động của con người vào hệ sinh thái NGOẠI TRỪ_________.

A. phá hủy hệ sinh thái biển (humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems)

B. phá hủy môi trường sống ở những nơi ẩm ướt (In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction)

C. việc giới thiệu nhiều loài thực vật mới.

D. việc tàn phá những khu rừng mưa nhiệt đới (The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests...)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth's ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine eco common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and runoff of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have irrevocably redirected the course of evolution.

Certainly, there have been periods in Earth's history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only 0.01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.

However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments.

The word "jolting" mostly means _____ .

A. illuminating

B. appealing

C. shocking

D. disgusting

1
5 tháng 5 2018

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Từ “jolting” (bất ngờ, choáng váng) ở đoạn 1 gần nghĩa nhất với __________.

  A. illuminating: soi sáng                             B. appealing: hấp dẫn, thú vị

  C. shocking: gây bất ngờ                              D. disgusting: kinh tởm

=> jolting = shocking

Thông tin: The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems.

Tạm dịch: Tỷ lệ tuyệt chủng loài cao trong các môi trường này là rất lớn, nhưng điều quan trọng là phải nhận ra tầm quan trọng của đa dạng sinh học trong tất cả các hệ sinh thái.

Chọn C

Dịch bài đọc:

Đa dạng sinh học đã trở nên được công nhận rộng rãi như là một vấn đề bảo tồn quan trọng chỉ trong hai thập kỷ qua. Sự tàn phá nhanh chóng của các khu rừng mưa nhiệt đới, nơi là những hệ sinh thái có sự đa dạng nhất các loài trên Trái đất, đã đánh thức mọi người về tầm quan trọng và sự mỏng manh của sự đa dạng sinh học. Tỷ lệ tuyệt chủng cao của các loài trong các môi trường này đang chao đảo, nhưng điều quan trọng là phải nhận ra tầm quan trọng của đa dạng sinh học trong tất cả các hệ sinh thái. Khi dân số con người tiếp tục tăng lên, nó sẽ ảnh hưởng tiêu cực đến các hệ sinh thái của Trái Đất. Trong các hệ sinh thái trên cạn và trong các hệ sinh thái biển ven bờ (như đầm lầy), vấn đề phổ biến nhất là sự phá hủy môi trường sống. Trong hầu hết các tình huống, kết quả là không thể đảo ngược. Giờ đây, con người đang bắt đầu phá huỷ các hệ sinh thái biển thông qua các hoạt động khác như thải chất thải độc hại; Trong ít hơn hai thế kỷ, bằng cách giảm đáng kể sự đa dạng của các loài trên trái đất, họ đã chuyển hướng không thể đảo ngược tiến trình tiến hóa.

Chắc chắn rằng, đã có những khoảng thời gian trong lịch sử Trái Đất khi sự tuyệt chủng hàng loạt xảy ra. Sự tuyệt chủng của khủng long đã bị gây ra bởi một số sự kiện vật lí, hoặc do khí hậu hoặc do vũ trụ. Cũng có những sự tuyệt chủng ít nghiêm trọng hơn, như khi sự cạnh tranh tự nhiên giữa các loài đã đạt được một kết quả cực đoan. Chỉ có 0,01% loài sống trên trái đất đã tồn tại cho đến nay và khả năng rộng quyết định được loài nào sống sót và loài nào tuyệt chủng.

Tuy nhiên, không có gì sánh bằng mức độ và tốc độ mà loài người đang thay đổi thế giới vật chất và hoá học và phá huỷ môi trường. Trên thực tế, có một sự đồng thuận rộng rãi rằng đó là tỷ lệ thay đổi mà con người đang gây ra, thậm chí nhiều hơn bản thân những thay đổi, điều này sẽ dẫn đến sự tàn phá sinh học. Sự sống trên trái đất liên tục có sự chuyển đổi nhanh chóng do sự thay đổi vật lý và hóa học chậm đã xảy ra trên trái đất, nhưng sự sống cần thời gian để thích nghi với thời gian di cư và thích ứng di truyền trong các loài hiện có và thời gian cho sự gia tăng của vật liệu di truyền mới và các loài mới có thể sống sót trong môi trường mới.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth's ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine eco common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and runoff of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have irrevocably redirected the course of evolution.

Certainly, there have been periods in Earth's history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only 0.01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.

However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The cause of the extinction of the dinosaurs

B. The time required for species to adapt to new environments

C. The variety of species found in tropical rain forests

D. The impact of human activities on Earth's ecosystems

1
28 tháng 1 2018

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Bài viết chủ yếu bàn về gì?

  A. Nguyên nhân tuyệt chủng của khủng long.

  B. Thời gian cần cho các loài động vật để thích nghi với những môi trường mới.

  C. Sự đa dạng các loài tìm thấy ở các rừng mưa nhiệt đới.

  D. Ảnh hưởng của hoạt động của con người lên các hệ sinh thái trên Trái Đất.

Thông tin: The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity.

Tạm dịch: Sự tàn phá nhanh chóng của các khu rừng mưa nhiệt đới, nơi là những hệ sinh thái có sự đa dạng nhất các loài trên Trái đất, đã đánh thức mọi người về tầm quan trọng và sự mỏng manh của sự đa dạng sinh học.

Chọn D

Dịch bài đọc:

Đa dạng sinh học đã trở nên được công nhận rộng rãi như là một vấn đề bảo tồn quan trọng chỉ trong hai thập kỷ qua. Sự tàn phá nhanh chóng của các khu rừng mưa nhiệt đới, nơi là những hệ sinh thái có sự đa dạng nhất các loài trên Trái đất, đã đánh thức mọi người về tầm quan trọng và sự mỏng manh của sự đa dạng sinh học. Tỷ lệ tuyệt chủng cao của các loài trong các môi trường này đang chao đảo, nhưng điều quan trọng là phải nhận ra tầm quan trọng của đa dạng sinh học trong tất cả các hệ sinh thái. Khi dân số con người tiếp tục tăng lên, nó sẽ ảnh hưởng tiêu cực đến các hệ sinh thái của Trái Đất. Trong các hệ sinh thái trên cạn và trong các hệ sinh thái biển ven bờ (như đầm lầy), vấn đề phổ biến nhất là sự phá hủy môi trường sống. Trong hầu hết các tình huống, kết quả là không thể đảo ngược. Giờ đây, con người đang bắt đầu phá huỷ các hệ sinh thái biển thông qua các hoạt động khác như thải chất thải độc hại; Trong ít hơn hai thế kỷ, bằng cách giảm đáng kể sự đa dạng của các loài trên trái đất, họ đã chuyển hướng không thể đảo ngược tiến trình tiến hóa.

Chắc chắn rằng, đã có những khoảng thời gian trong lịch sử Trái Đất khi sự tuyệt chủng hàng loạt xảy ra. Sự tuyệt chủng của khủng long đã bị gây ra bởi một số sự kiện vật lí, hoặc do khí hậu hoặc do vũ trụ. Cũng có những sự tuyệt chủng ít nghiêm trọng hơn, như khi sự cạnh tranh tự nhiên giữa các loài đã đạt được một kết quả cực đoan. Chỉ có 0,01% loài sống trên trái đất đã tồn tại cho đến nay và khả năng rộng quyết định được loài nào sống sót và loài nào tuyệt chủng.

Tuy nhiên, không có gì sánh bằng mức độ và tốc độ mà loài người đang thay đổi thế giới vật chất và hoá học và phá huỷ môi trường. Trên thực tế, có một sự đồng thuận rộng rãi rằng đó là tỷ lệ thay đổi mà con người đang gây ra, thậm chí nhiều hơn bản thân những thay đổi, điều này sẽ dẫn đến sự tàn phá sinh học. Sự sống trên trái đất liên tục có sự chuyển đổi nhanh chóng do sự thay đổi vật lý và hóa học chậm đã xảy ra trên trái đất, nhưng sự sống cần thời gian để thích nghi với thời gian di cư và thích ứng di truyền trong các loài hiện có và thời gian cho sự gia tăng của vật liệu di truyền mới và các loài mới có thể sống sót trong môi trường mới.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 35 to 42.

Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth's ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine eco common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and runoff of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have irrevocably redirected the course of evolution.

Certainly, there have been periods in Earth's history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only 0.01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.

However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments.

The word "magnitude" in paragraph 3 mostly means _____ .

A. ignorance

B. concern

C. extent

D. greed

1
16 tháng 4 2019

Kiến thức: Đọc hiểu

Giải thích:

Từ "magnitude" (độ lớn) trong đoạn 3 chủ yếu có nghĩa là _____.

  A. ignorance (n): ngu dốt                            B. concern (n): quan tâm

  C. extent (n): mức độ                                   D. greed (n): tham lam

=> magnitude = extent

Thông tin: However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment.

Tạm dịch: Tuy nhiên, không có gì bằng với độ lớn và quy mô mà loài người đang thay đổi thế giới vật lý và hóa học và phá hủy môi trường.

Chọn C

Dịch bài đọc:

Đa dạng sinh học đã trở nên được công nhận rộng rãi như là một vấn đề bảo tồn quan trọng chỉ trong hai thập kỷ qua. Sự tàn phá nhanh chóng của các khu rừng mưa nhiệt đới, nơi là những hệ sinh thái có sự đa dạng nhất các loài trên Trái đất, đã đánh thức mọi người về tầm quan trọng và sự mỏng manh của sự đa dạng sinh học. Tỷ lệ tuyệt chủng cao của các loài trong các môi trường này đang chao đảo, nhưng điều quan trọng là phải nhận ra tầm quan trọng của đa dạng sinh học trong tất cả các hệ sinh thái. Khi dân số con người tiếp tục tăng lên, nó sẽ ảnh hưởng tiêu cực đến các hệ sinh thái của Trái Đất. Trong các hệ sinh thái trên cạn và trong các hệ sinh thái biển ven bờ (như đầm lầy), vấn đề phổ biến nhất là sự phá hủy môi trường sống. Trong hầu hết các tình huống, kết quả là không thể đảo ngược. Giờ đây, con người đang bắt đầu phá huỷ các hệ sinh thái biển thông qua các hoạt động khác như thải chất thải độc hại; Trong ít hơn hai thế kỷ, bằng cách giảm đáng kể sự đa dạng của các loài trên trái đất, họ đã chuyển hướng không thể đảo ngược tiến trình tiến hóa.

Chắc chắn rằng, đã có những khoảng thời gian trong lịch sử Trái Đất khi sự tuyệt chủng hàng loạt xảy ra. Sự tuyệt chủng của khủng long đã bị gây ra bởi một số sự kiện vật lí, hoặc do khí hậu hoặc do vũ trụ. Cũng có những sự tuyệt chủng ít nghiêm trọng hơn, như khi sự cạnh tranh tự nhiên giữa các loài đã đạt được một kết quả cực đoan. Chỉ có 0,01% loài sống trên trái đất đã tồn tại cho đến nay và khả năng rộng quyết định được loài nào sống sót và loài nào tuyệt chủng.

Tuy nhiên, không có gì sánh bằng mức độ và tốc độ mà loài người đang thay đổi thế giới vật chất và hoá học và phá huỷ môi trường. Trên thực tế, có một sự đồng thuận rộng rãi rằng đó là tỷ lệ thay đổi mà con người đang gây ra, thậm chí nhiều hơn bản thân những thay đổi, điều này sẽ dẫn đến sự tàn phá sinh học. Sự sống trên trái đất liên tục có sự chuyển đổi nhanh chóng do sự thay đổi vật lý và hóa học chậm đã xảy ra trên trái đất, nhưng sự sống cần thời gian để thích nghi với thời gian di cư và thích ứng di truyền trong các loài hiện có và thời gian cho sự gia tăng của vật liệu di truyền mới và các loài mới có thể sống sót trong môi trường mới.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.

Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth's ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and runoff of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have irrevocably redirected the course of evolution.

Certainly, there have been periods in Earth's history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only 0.01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.

However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes selves, that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments.
The author mentions the reduction of the variety of species on Earth in line 7-8 to suggest that ___________.

A. humans are often made ill by polluted water

B. new habitats can be created for species

C. some species have been made extinct by human activity

D. understanding evolution can prevent certain species from disappearing

1
19 tháng 8 2017

Đáp án D

Tác giả đề cập đến việc giảm sự đa dạng loài trên trái đất trong dòng 7-8 để gợi ý rằng

A. con người thường bị bệnh vì nước bị ô nhiễm

B. môi trường sống mới có thể được tạo ra cho các loài

C. một số loài bị tuyệt chủng bởi hoạt động của con người

D. hiểu được sự tiến hóa có thể ngăn chặn được việc các loài nào đó biến mất

Dẫn chứng: “Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and runoff of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have irrevocably redirected the course of evolution.”

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 34.

Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth's ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and runoff of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have irrevocably redirected the course of evolution.

Certainly, there have been periods in Earth's history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only 0.01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.

However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes selves, that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments
The word “critical” is closest in meaning to__________.

A. essential

B. negative

C. complicated

D. interesting

1
22 tháng 2 2018

Đáp án A

- Critical /'kritikəl/ (adj): quan trọng, cần thiết

- Essential /i'senʃəl/ (adj): cần thiết

- Negative /'negətiv/ (adj): tiêu cực

- Complicated /'kɔmplikeitid/ (ad)): phức tạp (~ Complex)

- Interesting /'intristiɳ/ (adj): thú vị

“Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades.” (Đa dạng sinh học đã được thừa nhận là vấn đề bảo tồn quan trọng chỉ trong hai thập kỉ qua.)