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a/
\(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{9,3}{62}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
0,15 0,3 (mol)
\(m_{NaOH}=0,3.40=12\left(g\right)\)
\(m_A=90,7+9,3=100\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{12}{100}.100\%=12\%\)
b/
m\(_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{16.200}{100}=32\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{32}{152}=\dfrac{4}{19}\left(mol\right)\)
\(2NaOH+FeSO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
bđ: 0,3 \(\dfrac{4}{19}\) 0 0 (mol)
pư: 0,3 0,15 0,15 0,15 (mol)
dư: 0 \(\dfrac{23}{380}\) (mol)
\(m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=0,15.90=13,5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_C=100+200-13,5=286,5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,15.142=21,3\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{21,3}{286,5}.100\%\approx7,4\%\)
\(m_{FeSO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{23}{380}.152=9,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow C\%_{FeSO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{9,2}{286,5}.100\%\approx3,2\%\)
\(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{160.10\%}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{150.8\%}{40}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuSO4 + 2NaOH --> Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{2}\) => CuSO4 hết, NaOH dư
PTHH: CuSO4 + 2NaOH --> Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
0,1------>0,2------->0,1------->0,1
=> m = 0,1.98 = 9,8 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaOH_{dư}}=\left(0,3-0,2\right).40=4\left(g\right)\\m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,1.142=14,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
mdd sau pư = 160 + 150 - 9,8 = 300,2 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaOH_{dư}}=\dfrac{4}{300,2}.100\%=1,33\%\\C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{14,2}{300,2}.100\%=4,73\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{160.10}{100}=16\left(g\right)\\ n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{8.150}{100}=12\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{12}{40}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: 2NaOH + CuSO4 ---> Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4
LTL: \(0,1< \dfrac{0,3}{2}\rightarrow\) NaOH dư
Theo pt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{CuSO_4}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CuSO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow m=0,1.98=9,8\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd}=160+150-9,8=300,2\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{\left(0,3-0,2\right).40}{300,2}=1,33\%\\C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.142}{300,2}=4,73\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Fe+CuSO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+Cu\)
.0,05...0,05............0,05.....0,05.....
Thấy : \(\dfrac{1.n_{Fe}}{1.n_{CuSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,05}=2>1\)
=> Sau phản ứng thu được 0,05 mol FeSO4, 0,05 mol Fe dư, 0,05 mol Cu .
Thấy Cu không phản ứng với HCl .
\(\Rightarrow m=m_{Cu}=3,2\left(g\right)\)
b, \(m_{ddY}=5,6+108-3,2-2,8=107,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{0,05\left(56+96\right)}{107,6}.100\%\approx7,06\%\)
PTHH: \(2M+2xHCl\rightarrow2MCl_x+xH_2\uparrow\) (x là hóa trị của M)
Tính theo sản phẩm
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_M=\dfrac{0,4}{x}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{4,8}{\dfrac{0,4}{x}}=12x\)
Ta thấy với \(x=2\) thì \(M=24\) (Magie)
Mặt khác: \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{50\cdot36,5\%}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta lại có: \(m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{Mg}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=4,8+50-0,2\cdot2=54,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot95}{54,4}\cdot100\%\approx34,93\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot36,5}{54,4}\cdot100\%\approx6,71\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
\(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
\(NaOH+Al\left(OH\right)_3\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)
\(4Fe\left(OH\right)_2+O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2Fe_2O_3+4H_2O\)
Ta có :
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
Dựa vào PTHH ta thấy :
\(n_{Fe}=2\cdot n_{Fe_2O_3}=2\cdot0.1=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Fe}=0.2\cdot56=11.2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=19.3-11.2=8.1\left(g\right)\)
\(\%Al=\dfrac{8.1}{19.3}\cdot100\%=41.96\%\)
a, Gọi \(m_{NaCl\left(thêm\right)}=a\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{NaCl\left(bđ\right)}=5\%.100=5\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{5+a}{100+a}.100\%=5,5\%\\ \Leftrightarrow a=0,53\left(g\right)\)
b, \(m_{NaCl}=58,5.5,5\%=3,2175\left(g\right)\\ n_{NaCl}=\dfrac{3,2175}{58,5}=0,055\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: NaCl + AgNO3 ---> AgCl↓ + NaNO3
0,055-->0,055------>0,055---->0,055
\(m_{AgCl}=0,055.143,5=7,8925\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddY}=58,5+200-7,8925=250,6075\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{NaNO_3}=\dfrac{0,055.85}{250,6075}.100\%=1,87\%\)
nNa = 6.9 : 23 = 0.3 mol
4Na + O2 ->2 Na2O
mol : 0.3 -> 0.15
Na2O + H2O -> 2NaOH
mol : 0.15 -> 0.3
mdd = 0.15 x 62 + 140.7 = 150g
C% NaOH = 0.3x40: 150 x 100% = 8%