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\(n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{2,8}{22,4}=0,125\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe_2O_3+3H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Fe+3H_2O\left(1\right)\\ Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\left(2\right)\\ n_{Fe}=n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=0,125\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,125}{2}=0,0625\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow a=m_{Fe_2O_3}=160.0,0625=10\left(g\right)\\ b=m_{Fe}=0,125.56=7\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2.8}{22.4}=0.125\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.125............................0.125\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}2Fe+3H_2O\)
\(0.0625...............0.125\)
\(m_{Fe}=0.125\cdot56=7\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe_2O_3}=0.0625\cdot160=10\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
mmuối = mkim loại + mSO4 = 12 + 0,2.96 = 31,2 (g)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 3H2 --to--> 2Fe + 3H2O
0,1---->0,3
Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
0,3<--------------------0,3
=> m = 0,3.65 = 19,5 (g)
Câu 13:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:R_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2R+3H_2O\\ Theo.pt:n_{R_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{3}.0,3=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ M_{R_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{0,1}=160\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow2R+16.3=160\\ \Leftrightarrow R=56\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow R.là.Fe\\ CTHH:Fe_2O_3\)
Bài 14:
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,8}{22,4}=0,125\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe+H_2SO_{4\left(loãng\right)}\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\left(1\right)\\ Theo.pt\left(1\right):n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,125\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\left(2\right)\\ Theo.pt\left(2\right):n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{3}.0,125=\dfrac{1}{24}\left(mol\right)\\ m=m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{24}.160=\dfrac{20}{3}\left(g\right)\\ n=n_{Fe}=0,125.56=7\left(g\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=\dfrac{40.9}{100}=3,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=9-3,6=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
0,15 ------------------------> 0,15
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2 ---------------------------> 0,3
\(\rightarrow V_{H_2}=\left(0,15+0,3\right).22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{6,48}{18}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: FexOy + yH2 --to--> xFe + yH2O
Theo pthh: \(n_{O\left(oxit\right)}=n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2O}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{oxit}=15,12+16.0,36=20,88\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{15,12}{56}=0,27\left(mol\right)\)
CTHH: FexOy
=> x : y = 0,27 : 0,36 = 3 : 4
=> CTHH: Fe3O4 (oxit sắt từ)
mMg = 40%x9 = 3,6(g) =>nMg=3,6:24 = 0,15 (mol)
=> mAl = 9-3,6 = 5,4(g) => nAl = 5,4:27 = 0,2 (mol)
pthh : 2Al+6HCl -> 2AlCl3+3H2
0,2 0,3
Mg+2HCl -> MgCl2 +H2
0,15 0,15
=> nH2 = 0,15 + 0,3 = 0,45 (mol)
=> VH2 = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08 (L)
mH2 = 0,45 . 2 = 0,9 (mol)
áp dụng BLBTKL ta có :
mH2 + moxit sắt = mFe + mH2O
=> moxit sắt = 20,7 (g)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Zn + 2HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2
Theo các pthh trên: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=2.0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2}=0,2.2=0,4\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Áp dụng ĐLBTKL:
mKim loại + mHCl = mmuối khan + mH2
=> mMuối khan = 12 + 14,6 - 0,4 = 26,2 (g)
pthh fe + 2hcl -> fecl2 + h2
2al2 + 6hcl -> 2l2cl3 + 3h2
zn + 2hcl -> zncl2 + h2
PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,15\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Fe_2O_3}=x=0,15\cdot160=24\left(g\right)\)