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Bài 1 :
$n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{3,136}{22,4} = 0,14(mol)$
$n_{Ca(OH)_2} = 0,8.0,1 = 0,08(mol)$
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 + H2O
0,08.......0,08...........0,08........................(mol)
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O → Ca(HCO3)2
0,06........0,06........................................(mol)
Suy ra : $m_{CaCO_3} = (0,08 - 0,06).100 = 2(gam)$
Bài 2 :
$n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{2,24}{22,4} = 0,1(mol) ; n_{NaOH} = 0,1.1,5 = 0,15(mol)$
2NaOH + CO2 → Na2CO3 + H2O
0,15........0,075.......0,075....................(mol)
Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O → 2NaHCO3
0,025........0,025...................0,05..............(mol)
Suy ra:
$C_{M_{NaHCO_3}} = \dfrac{0,05}{0,1} = 0,5M$
$C_{M_{Na_2CO_3}} = \dfrac{0,075 - 0,025}{0,1} = 0,5M$
b)
$NaOH + HCl \to NaCl + H_2O$
$n_{HCl} = n_{NaOH} = 0,15(mol)$
$m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,15.36,5}{25\%} = 21,9(gam)$
a.\(n_{CH_4}=\dfrac{V_{CH_4}}{22,4}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5mol\)
\(CH_4+2O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)CO_2+2H_2O\)
0,5 1 0,5 ( mol )
\(V_{kk}=V_{O_2}.5=\left(1.22,4\right).5=112l\)
b.\(n_{NaOH}=0,5.0,5=0,25mol\)
\(NaOH+CO_2\rightarrow NaHCO_3\)
0,25 < 0,5 ( mol )
0,25 0,25 ( mol )
\(m_{NaHCO_3}=0,25.84=21g\)
CH4+2O2-to>CO2+2H2O
0,5-----1----------0,5 mol
n CH4=\(\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}\)=0,5 mol
=>Vkk=1.22,4.5=112l
NaOH+CO2->NaHCO3
0,25------0,25-------0,25
n NaOH=0,5.0,5=0,25 mol
=>Tạo ra muối axit, CO2 dư
=>m NaHCO3=0,25.84=21g
a) \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{0,4958}{24,79}=0,02\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=0,6.1=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
0,02<------0,04<----0,02<-----0,02
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(p\text{ư}\right)}< n_{HCl\left(b\text{đ}\right)}\left(0,04< 0,6\right)\Rightarrow HCl\) dư, \(CaCO_3\) tan hết
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CaCO_3}=0,02.100=2\left(g\right)\\m_{CaSO_4}=5-2=3\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) dd sau phản ứng có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(d\text{ư}\right)}=0,6-0,04=0,56\left(mol\right)\\n_{CaCl_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(HCl\left(d\text{ư}\right)\right)}=\dfrac{0,56}{0,6}=\dfrac{14}{15}M\\C_{M\left(CaCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,6}=\dfrac{1}{30}M\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{SO_2}= \dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35 mol\)
\(n_{Ca(OH)_2}= 0,2 . 1,4=0,28mol\)
Ta có:
\(T=\dfrac{n_{nhóm OH}}{n_{SO_2}}\)\(=\dfrac{2. 0,28}{0,35}= 1,6\)
Có: 1<T<2
Nên Phản ứng tạo hỗn hợp 2 muối trung hòa và axit
\(Ca(OH)_2 + SO_2 \rightarrow CaSO_3 + H_2O\) (1)
\(CaSO_3 + SO_2 + H_2O \rightarrow Ca(HSO_3)_2\) (2)
Theo PTHH (1):
\(n_{SO_2(1)}\)\(n_{CaSO_3} = n_{Ca(OH)_2}= 0,28mol\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{SO_2(2)}=0,35 - 0,28= 0,07 mol\)
Theo PTHH (2):
\(n_{CaSO_3bị hòa tan}\)\(=\)\(n_{Ca(HSO_3)_2}= n_{SO_2(2)}= 0,07 mol\)
Suy ra: \(n_{CaSO_3 sau pư}= 0,28 - 0,07= 0,21 mol\)
\(m_{muối}= m_{CaSO_3} + m_{Ca(HSO_3)_2}= 0,21 .120 + 0,07 . 202= 39,34g\)
b)
\(C_{M Ca(HSO_3)_2}= \dfrac{0,07}{0,2}= 0,35M\)
PTHH: \(Na_2CO_3+2CH_3COOH\rightarrow2CH_3COONa+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
Tính theo sản phẩm
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Sigma n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{160\cdot15\%}{60}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CH_3COOH\left(dư\right)}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{CH_3COONa}\\n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Na_2CO_3}=0,1\cdot106=10,6\left(g\right)\\m_{CH_3COONa}=0,2\cdot82=16,4\left(g\right)\\m_{CH_3COOH\left(dư\right)}=0,2\cdot60=12\left(g\right)\\m_{CO_2}=0,1\cdot44=4,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{Na_2CO_3}+m_{ddAxit}-m_{CO_2}=166,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{CH_3COONa}=\dfrac{16,4}{166,2}\cdot100\%\approx9,87\%\\C\%_{CH_3COOH\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{12}{166,2}\cdot100\%\approx7,22\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=0,5\cdot0,3=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Tạo 2 muối
PTHH: \(CO_2+NaOH\rightarrow NaHCO_3\)
a_______a__________a (mol)
\(CO_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
b_______2b_________2b (mol)
Ta lập được HPT \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,1\\a+2b=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,05\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaHCO_3}=0,05\cdot84=4,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Na_2CO_3}=0,05\cdot106=5,3\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a hả
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nSO2=0,03mol
nKOH=0,5mol
ta xét nKOH/nSO2=0,5/0,03>2
=> tạo ra muối trung hòa
PTHH: SO2 + 2KOH --> K2SO3 + H2O
0,03---->0,06----->0,03----->0,03
=> mK2SO4=0,03.174=5,22g
có cần tính m H2O ko bn