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1. musical instruments
2. sticky rice
3. communal house
4. folk songs
5. staircase
1. Minority groups have their own musical instrument like the dan tinh, gong, t’rung.
(Các dân tộc thiểu số có những nhạc cụ của riêng họ như đàn tình, cồng chiêng, đàn t’rưng.)
2. The Kinh use sticky rice to make banh chung and banh tet.
(Người Kinh dùng gạo nếp để làm bánh chưng và bánh tét.)
3. For most minority groups like the Bahnar and Ede, the communal house, usually known as Rong house, is the heart of the village.
(Với hầu hết những dân tộc thiểu số như người Ba-na và Ê-đê, đình làng, hay còn được gọi là nhà Rông, được đặt ở giữa làng.)
4. My grandmother taught me to sing many folk songs.
(Bà mình dạy mình hát nhiều bài dân ca.)
5. The staircase of a Muong’s stilt house has an odd number of steps: 5, 7, or 9.
(Các bậc thang của nhà sàn của người Mường có số bậc lẻ: 5, 7 hoặc 9.)
Do you think the animals can understand each other? The answer is yes. They can communicate to each other by signs and sounds. For example, dogs communicate in many ways. They not only bark, even they howl, growl, snarl, and whine. They lift a paw, or bare their teeth. Other dogs can understand what these sounds and actions mean_.
Animals communicate with each other not only with sounds and movements but with smell. Most animals that live in herds depend on smell to keep together. And, of course, we know how dogs recognize each other by smell.
Apes are supposed to be among the most intelligent of animals, yet, they really have no better “language” than other animals. They make many sounds and expressions of the mouth to communicate their feelings of anger or hunger or joy, but they have nothing like the words of human speech.
By the way, unlike human beings who have to learn how to talk, apes and other animals know their “language” by instinct. They will make the right kind of cries and sounds and expression even if they have never seen another animal like themselves before.
Birds, however, learn their way of singing, at least in part. That is why a sparrow brought up among canaries will try to sing like one. It has been learning the wrong “language”!
Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each question.
Very few people in the modern world obtain their food supply by hunting and gathering in the natural environment surrounding their homes. This method of harvesting from nature's provision is the oldest known subsistence strategy, and has been practised for at least the last two million years. It was, indeed, the only way to obtain food until rudimentary farming and the domestication of animals were introduced about 10,000 years ago.
Because hunter-gatherers have fared poorly in comparison with their agricultural cousins, their numbers have dwindled, and they have been forced to live in marginal environments such as deserts, forests, or arctic wastelands. In higher latitudes, the shorter growing season has restricted the availability of plant life. Such conditions have caused a greater dependence on hunting and along the coasts and waterways, on fishing. The abundance of vegetation in the lower latitudes of the tropics, on the other hand, has provided a greater opportunity for gathering a variety of plants. In short, the environmental differences have restricted the diet and have limited possibilities for the development of subsistence societies. Contemporary hunter-gatherers may help us understand our prehistoric ancestors. We know from observation of modern hunter-gatherers in both Africa and Alaska that a society based on hunting and gathering must be very mobile. While the entire community camps in a central location, a smaller party harvests the food within a reasonable distance from the camp. When the food in the area is exhausted, the community moves on to exploit another site. We also notice a seasonal migration pattern evolving for most hunter-gatherers, along with a strict division of labour between the sexes. These patterns of behaviour may be similar to those practised by mankind during the Paleolithic Period.
1. With which of the following topics is the passage primarily concerned?
A. The Paleolithic period
B. Subsistence farming
C.Hunter-gatherers
D. Marginal environments
2. Which is the oldest subsistence strategy?
A. Migrating
B. Domesticating animals
C. Farming
D. Hunting and gathering
3. When was hunting and gathering introduced?
A. 1,000,000 years ago
B. 2,000,000 years ago
C. 10,000 years ago
D. 2,000 years ago
4. What conditions exist in lower latitudes?
A. Greater dependence on hunting.
B. More coasts and waterways for fishing.
C. A shorter growing season.
D. A large variety of plant life.
5. How can we know more about the hunter-gatherers of prehistoric times?
A. By studying the remains of their camp sites.
B. By studying similar contemporary societies.
C. By studying the prehistoric environment.
D. By practising hunting and gathering.
Fill one word in the blank.
Hi, I (1) .....am....... David. I live with my family in (2) .........the.. countryside. My parents are farmers and they have (3) ......a...... small farm. They grow flowers and (4) .......raise........ cows. Every day they work hard on the farm (5) ...from............ morning till night. Every year, they produce a (6) ..........lot....... of flowers and milk. I go to school in the morning and help (7) .........my...... parents in the afternoon. I cook dinner and (8) .......do...... the housework. Sometimes I (9) .....water......... flowers or feed the cows. I like the life there very (10) .......happy/ peaceful........
1 listening
2 hanging out
3 interests
4 a musical instrument
5 Doing
6 sport
1.listening 2.hanging out 3. interests 5.doing 6.sport
không cs số 4 đk b
1. Match the words or phrases:
1. The total number of people living in an area c) population
2. A traditional circular tent d) ger
3. Animals like cow, bulls and oxen, often kept for meat and meal a) cattle
4. To make you feel interested e) to interest
5. To make you do sth you do not want to do f) to force
6. A member of group moving with their animals from place to place. b) nomad
7. A difficult lifestyle h) a hard way of living
8. Very unpleasant, making you feel very unhappy g) terrible
2. Complete the sentences with the words from the passage above.
1. What is the ____POPULATION______ of this city? -Around one million people.
2. There are toys lying _____ON_____ the floor. I need to collect them.
3. They are moving to the city to look for a ____NEW____ life.
4. They harvest their crops_____TWO____ times a years.
5. Having a _____NOMADIC____ life means they have to move all the time.
6. Modern city life and city entertainment_____INTERESTED_____ those farmers very much.
7. Life doesn't____HAVE____ on the moon.
8. The kite became _____SMALLER____ and smaller high in the sky.
Complete the passage with the suitable words
Many...peope... belive that life on farm is very quiet and easy . But...it..is very hard . I mysefl have ..lived.....on farm for nearly twenty years and i know what farm work ...was..... you must be get up early.to feed.. the chicken and the cows ,water and flowers, vegetables do a ...lot..of gardening and then ..work.. in the fields . But my aunt likes this way of life and....so.. do all her children
1. c
2. a
3. e
4. d
5. b
1 - c: Minority group - A group smaller in size than other groups in the same country.
(dân tộc thiểu số - dân tộc có số dân nhỏ hơn những dân tộc khác trong cùng một đất nước.)
2 - a: livestock - the animals we keep on a farm like cows and sheep
(gia súc – động vật mà chúng ta chăn nuôi trên trang trại như bò và cừu)
3 - e: gardening - work like growing, watering, weeding, and harvesting
(làm vườn – công việc như trồng trọt, tưới nước, nhổ cỏ và thu hoạch)
4 - d: gong - a traditional musical instrument
(cồng chiêng – một nhạc cụ truyền thống)
5 - b: communal house - a large room for community activities
(nhà rông/ đình làng - một nơi rộng lớn cho những hoạt động cộng đồng)