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7 tháng 9 2021

15. “I think it’s going to rain tonight.”, Bob said.

Bob said ..........that he thought it was going to rain that night...............................................

16. “Do many tourists visit Ha Long Bay every year, Lan?”

Mai asked .......Lan if many tourists visited Ha Long Bay every year...............................................

17. “Could you give me some information, please?”, the tourist said.

The tourist asked me..........to give him some information..................

19. I started to play the piano two years ago.

 → I have.......played the piano for 2 years...............................................

20. I study English so that I can improve my knowledge. (so as to)

I study …English so as to improve my knowledge…………..................................

22. They have already finished their work as requested.

Their work .........has already been finished as requested........................................

23. They will build a new bridge here.

 → A new bridge……will be built here………………..

24. People speak English all over the world.

→ English.........is spoken all over the world..............................................................

7 tháng 9 2021

Em cảm ơn ạ ^^

21 tháng 7 2019

1 "Would you pass my suitcase, please?" he asked

He asked.....me to pass his suitcase....

2 "Could you land me this book, Tom?" said Peter

Peter asked.....Tom to lend him that book...

3 "I think it is going to rain tonight." Bob said

Bob said that he thought it was going to rain that night.....

4 "How many tourists visit Ha Long Bay every year,Mai?" asked Lan

Lan asked...Mai how many tourists visited HLB every year....

5 Nam gets bad marks in English.

I wish......Nam didn't get bad marks in English...

6 "I must leave here for Nha Trang tomorrow" Mr Phong said

Mr.Phong said that he had to leave there for NT the next day........

7 My sister must do all these exercises before going to bed.

All the exercises.....must be done by my sister before going to bed..

3. My grandparents live too far from me. I wish.......................................................................................... 4. Nga isn’t in Ha Noi now. Nga wishes..................................................................................................... 5. The students clean this room everyday. This room................................................................................ 6. The workers have just built a new bridge here. A new...
Đọc tiếp

3. My grandparents live too far from me. I wish..........................................................................................
4. Nga isn’t in Ha Noi now. Nga wishes.....................................................................................................
5. The students clean this room everyday. This room................................................................................
6. The workers have just built a new bridge here. A new bridge...............................................................
7. I bought that schoolbag last year. That schoolbag.................................................................................
8. Ba has finished these works before lunch. These works........................................................................
9. We will do an English test next week. An English test.........................................................................
10. He is going to give his son a present. His son.....................................................................................
11. We must do the exercises carefully. The exercises...............................................................................
12. “This book is very interesting”. The teacher said.................................................................................
13. “I’m practicing English.” Lan said........................................................................................................
14. “Do you live in the countryside?” He asked me....................................................................................
15. “When does your school vacation start? Tim asked Hoa......................................................................
16. “You must come here now.” Mrs Lien said Hoa...................................................................................
17. “I will see you tomorrow.” Hellen said to Nam.....................................................................................
18. They have learned English for 4 years now. They started....................................................................
19. I spent 3 hours painting this picture. It took me....................................................................................
20. Nam is more intelligent than his brother. Nam’s brother is not.............................................................
21. My grandmother often wore Ao dai . My grandmother used to............................................................
25. Because Hoa was tired she went to bed early ………………………, so…………………………….

1
5 tháng 12 2017

3. My grandparents live too far from me.

I wish my grandparents lived near me
4. Nga isn’t in Ha Noi now.

Nga wishes she were in Ha Noi now
5. The students clean this room everyday.

This room is cleaned by the students everyday
6. The workers have just built a new bridge here.

A new bridge has just been built here by the workers
7. I bought that schoolbag last year.

That schoolbag was bought last year
8. Ba has finished these works before lunch.

These works have been finished by Ba before lunch
9. We will do an English test next week.

An English test will be done next week
10. He is going to give his son a present.

His son is going to be given a present
11. We must do the exercises carefully.

The exercises must be done carefully
12. “This book is very interesting”.

The teacher said that book was very interesting
13. “I’m practicing English.”

Lan said she was practicing English
14. “Do you live in the countryside?”

He asked me if I lived in the countryside
15. “When does your school vacation start?

Tim asked Hoa when her school vacation started
16. “You must come here now.”

Mrs Lien said Hoa she had to come there then
17. “I will see you tomorrow.”

Hellen said to Nam she would see him the following day
18. They have learned English for 4 years now.

They started learning English 4 years ago
19. I spent 3 hours painting this picture.

It took me 3 hours to paint this picture
20. Nam is more intelligent than his brother.

Nam’s brother is not as intelligent as Nam
21. My grandmother often wore Ao dai .

My grandmother used to to wear Ao dai
25. Because Hoa was tired she went to bed early

Hoa was tired, so she went to bed early

20 tháng 12 2017

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the fierst

1. Ba can't speak English well

Ba wish he could speak English well.

2. They grow rice in tropical countries

Rice is grown in tropical countries.

3." I will go to my village next week " Mr. Nick said

Mr.Nick said he would go to his village the next week.

4.My father likes playing soccer every morning

My father is interested in playing soccer every morning.

5.She worked hard . She passed her exam

She worked hard so she passed her exam.

6.I don't have a new car

I wish I had a new car.

7. They will build a new supermarket here

A new supermarket will be built here.

8. I don't have a car

I wish I had a car.

9.People speak English all over the world

English is spoken English all over the world.

10. Keeping the environment clean is very important

It's very important to keep the environment clean.

11. Nam cleaned the room yesterday

The room was cleaned by Nam yesterday.

12. They have just built a new bridge in the area

A new bridge has just been built in the area.

13. How about going to the beach this weekend ?

Shall we go to the beach this weekend?

14. He had headache , but he still went to work

Although he had headache, he still went to work.

15.She started working as a secretary five years ago

She has worked as a secretary for five years.

I. THE PASSIVE- CAU BI DONG I/Rewrite the sentences by using the words given I/ They grow rice in tropical countries. ->Rice ........................ 2/ They have just introduced a new style of jeans in the USA ->A new style of jeans........................... 3/ They made jean cloth completely from cotton in the 18th century ->Jean cloths........................ 4/ They will produce five million bottles of champagne in France next year. ->Five million bottles of...
Đọc tiếp

I. THE PASSIVE- CAU BI DONG
I/Rewrite the sentences by using the words given
I/ They grow rice in tropical countries.
->Rice ........................
2/ They have just introduced a new style of jeans in the USA
->A new style of jeans...........................
3/ They made jean cloth completely from cotton in the 18th century
->Jean cloths........................
4/ They will produce five million bottles of champagne in France next year.
->Five million bottles of champagne........................
5/ They have built two department stores this year.
->Two department stores........................
6/ You must do this exercise carefully
-> This exercise........................
7/ We can solve this problem.
->This problem.........................
8/ People should stop experiments on animals.
->Experiments on animals ..........................
9/ We might find life on another planet.
->Life..........................
10/ We have to improve all the schools in the city.
->All the schools in the city........................
11/ They are going to build a new bridge in the area.
->A new bridge........................
11/ They sell jeans all over the world.
-> A new bridge........................
12/ They sell jeans all over the world.
->Jeans........................
13/ They have found this pen in the bedroom.
->This pen .........................
14/ They bought their car in 2002
->Their car .........................
15/ Mr. Brown has repaired the house.
->The house..........................
16/ They will redecorate my house next month.
->My house........................
17/ People can find a cure for cancer in the near future.
-> A cure for cancer........................
18/ They held the 22nd Sea Games in Viet Nam in 2003.
->The 22 nd Sea Games........................
19/ We must finish the project on time.
-> The project........................
20/ We keep the information on our computer.
-> The information........................
2. Change into passive voice.
1. He has finished the report.
-->........................
2.He delivers the mail every day.
-->........................
3.She took that book from the desk.
-->........................
4.People regard Nguyen Du as one of the greatest Vietnamese poets.
-->........................
5.Many people around the world speak English.
-->........................
6.Our children keep a cat and a dog as pets.
-->........................
7.She has finished the report.
-->........................
8.They water the plants once a week.
-->........................
9.He will publish a new book.
-->........................
10. They sell English books in that shop.
-->........................
11. Nobody can solve this hard problem.
-->........................
12. Someone will clean the room.
-->........................
13. Robots will do housework in the future.
-->........................
14. People play football all over the world.
-->........................
15. She did her homework tonight.
-->........................
16. She bought this bike last week.
-->........................
17. People know Ha Long Bay as one of the most beautiful places in Vietnam
-->........................
18. They have washed the car.
-->........................
19. Robots will look after children in the future
-->........................
20. They built my school in 2005.
-->........................

2
19 tháng 6 2019

I/Rewrite the sentences by using the words given
I/ They grow rice in tropical countries.
->Rice ....... is grown in tropical country................
2/ They have just introduced a new style of jeans in the USA
->A new style of jeans..has just been introduced in the USA...
3/ They made jean cloth completely from cotton in the 18th century
->Jean cloths............was made completely from cotton in the 18th century............
4/ They will produce five million bottles of champagne in France next year.
->Five million bottles of champagne............will be produced in France next year.............
5/ They have built two department stores this year.
->Two department stores... have been built this year....................
6/ You must do this exercise carefully
-> This exercise........must be done carefully................
7/ We can solve this problem.
->This problem...can be solved ......................
8/ People should stop experiments on animals.
->Experiments on animals ...should be stopped.......................
9/ We might find life on another planet.
->Life.......might be found on another planet...................
10/ We have to improve all the schools in the city.
->All the schools in the city......have to be improved. .................
11/ They are going to build a new bridge in the area.
->A new bridge.... is going to be built in the area. ....................
12/ They sell jeans all over the world.
->Jeans..are sold over the world......................
13/ They have found this pen in the bedroom.
->This pen .....has been found in the bedroom...................
14/ They bought their car in 2002
->Their car ..was bought in 2002.......................
15/ Mr. Brown has repaired the house.
->The house...has been repaired by Mr.Brown.......................
16/ They will redecorate my house next month.
->My house.....will be redecorated next month...................
17/ People can find a cure for cancer in the near future.
-> A cure for cancer...can be found in the near future.....................
18/ They held the 22nd Sea Games in Viet Nam in 2003.
->The 22 nd Sea Games......was held in VN..................
19/ We must finish the project on time.
-> The project...must be finished on time.....................
20/ We keep the information on our computer.
-> The information......is kept on our computer..................

23 tháng 5 2019

Cái này là bài tập cơ bản của câu bị động, không biết lí thuyết thì tìm đi xong tự làm cho nhớ

1.Jim said to me: “They will build a new bridge across this river this year.” A. Jim said to me that they will build a new bridge across this river this year. B.Jim said to me that they would build a new bridge across this river this year. C.Jim said to me that they would build a new bridge across that river that year. 2. My mother often tells me: “You need to take care of yourself.” A.My mother often tells me that I need to take care of yourself. B.My mother often tells me that I...
Đọc tiếp

1.Jim said to me: “They will build a new bridge across this river this year.”

A. Jim said to me that they will build a new bridge across this river this year.

B.Jim said to me that they would build a new bridge across this river this year.

C.Jim said to me that they would build a new bridge across that river that year.

2. My mother often tells me: “You need to take care of yourself.”

A.My mother often tells me that I need to take care of yourself.

B.My mother often tells me that I need to take care of herself.

C.My mother often tells me that I need to take care of myself.

3. Peter informed me: “They canceled the meeting yesterday.”

A.Peter informed me that they canceled the meeting yesterday.

B.Peter informed me that they had canceled the meeting yesterday.

C.Peter informed me that they had canceled the meeting the day before.

4. Peter and Jane said to me: “Our wedding will be held next week.”

A.Peter and Jane said to me that my wedding would be held next week.

B.Peter and Jane said to me that their wedding would be held the next week.

C.Peter and Jane said to me that their wedding would be held the following week.

5. I told him: “I am busy this week so I can’t come to your party.”

A. I told him that I was busy this week so l can’t come to my party.

B. I told him that I was busy that week so I couldn’t come to my party.

C.I told him that I was busy that week so I couldn’t come to his party.

6. The doctor said: “You will suffer from diabetes if you don’t reduce sugar in your daily meals.”

A.The doctor said I would suffer from diabetes if I didn’t reduce sugar in my daily meals.

B. The doctor said I would suffer from diabetes if I don’t reduce sugar in my daily meals.

C.The doctor said I suffered from diabetes if I didn’t reduce sugar in my daily meals.

7. Peter asked me: “Would you go to the prom with me?”

A.Peter asked me if I would go to the prom with me.

B. Peter asked me whether I would go to the prom with him.

C. Peter asked me whether would I go to the prom with him.

8. My father asked me:“Where are you going?”

A. My father asked me where was I going.

B.My father asked me where you were going,

C.My father asked me where I was going,

9. Oliver asked me: “What will you do if you have a day off?”

A.Oliver asked me what I would do if I have a day off.

B.Oliver asked me what I would do If I had a day off.

C. Oliver asked me what would I do if I have a day off.

10. My brother asked me: “How can I open this box?”

A. My brother asked me how I could open that box.

B.My brother asked me how to open that box.

C. My brother asked me how he could open this box.

1
6 tháng 10 2020

1.Jim said to me: “They will build a new bridge across this river this year.”

A. Jim said to me that they will build a new bridge across this river this year.

B.Jim said to me that they would build a new bridge across this river this year.

C.Jim said to me that they would build a new bridge across that river that year.

2. My mother often tells me: “You need to take care of yourself.”

A.My mother often tells me that I need to take care of yourself.

B.My mother often tells me that I need to take care of herself.

C.My mother often tells me that I need to take care of myself.

3. Peter informed me: “They canceled the meeting yesterday.”

A.Peter informed me that they canceled the meeting yesterday.

B.Peter informed me that they had canceled the meeting yesterday.

C.Peter informed me that they had canceled the meeting the day before.

4. Peter and Jane said to me: “Our wedding will be held next week.”

A.Peter and Jane said to me that my wedding would be held next week.

B.Peter and Jane said to me that their wedding would be held the next week.

C.Peter and Jane said to me that their wedding would be held the following week.

5. I told him: “I am busy this week so I can’t come to your party.”

A. I told him that I was busy this week so l can’t come to my party.

B. I told him that I was busy that week so I couldn’t come to my party.

C.I told him that I was busy that week so I couldn’t come to his party.

6. The doctor said: “You will suffer from diabetes if you don’t reduce sugar in your daily meals.”

A.The doctor said I would suffer from diabetes if I didn’t reduce sugar in my daily meals.

B. The doctor said I would suffer from diabetes if I don’t reduce sugar in my daily meals.

C.The doctor said I suffered from diabetes if I didn’t reduce sugar in my daily meals.

7. Peter asked me: “Would you go to the prom with me?”

A.Peter asked me if I would go to the prom with me.

B. Peter asked me whether I would go to the prom with him.

C. Peter asked me whether would I go to the prom with him.

8. My father asked me:“Where are you going?”

A. My father asked me where was I going.

B.My father asked me where you were going,

C.My father asked me where I was going,

9. Oliver asked me: “What will you do if you have a day off?”

A.Oliver asked me what I would do if I have a day off.

B.Oliver asked me what I would do If I had a day off.

C. Oliver asked me what would I do if I have a day off.

10. My brother asked me: “How can I open this box?”

A. My brother asked me how I could open that box.

B.My brother asked me how to open that box.

C. My brother asked me how he could open this box.

Rewrite these sentences 1. The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week The pollution problems.......... 2. " When does your Tet holiday star?" she asked me She asked me............ 3. I won' t spend my next summer vacation in the moutain I wish............ 4. It' s apity, I can' t come her birthdayvparty tonight I wish.............. 5. My sister invited all his friends to her wedding party All the friends of my sister.............. 6. John took a lot of photos...
Đọc tiếp

Rewrite these sentences

1. The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week

The pollution problems..........

2. " When does your Tet holiday star?" she asked me

She asked me............

3. I won' t spend my next summer vacation in the moutain

I wish............

4. It' s apity, I can' t come her birthdayvparty tonight

I wish..............

5. My sister invited all his friends to her wedding party

All the friends of my sister..............

6. John took a lot of photos to show the trip to her parents

A lot of.................

7. The last time Trang wrote to her friend was two years ago

Trang hasn' t...............

8. I don' t have enough money to buy a new motorbike

I wish...............

9. She studied this foreign languageb3 years ago

She has.......................

10. My friend can' t pass the oral examination

I wish.................

11. The finished their exercises on time yesterday

Their exercises...................

12. It' s five years since we last met each other

We haven' t.....................

13. He began to learn English 5 years ago

He has..............

14. I started teaching Math at Nguyen Du School in 2013

I have..................

15. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876

The telephone..................

16. " We have a lift but very often it doesn' t work" they said

They said...................

17. They have built a new hospital for the children

A new hospital..............

18. " Where will your mother buy special food for Tet?" Nam asked Mai

Nam asked................

19. Mr. Bill has reported a speech at our school since 8.30 am

A speech..............

20. Nga began to study English in 2002

Nga has...............

1
17 tháng 12 2018

Rewrite these sentences

1. The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week

The pollution problems.have been discussed by the students since last week.........

2. " When does your Tet holiday star?" she asked me

She asked me.when My Tet holiday started...........

3. I won' t spend my next summer vacation in the moutain

I wish.i would spend my next summer vacation in the moutain...........

4. It' s apity, I can' t come her birthdayvparty tonight

I wish i could come her birthday party tonight ..............

5. My sister invited all his friends to her wedding party

All the friends of my sister.were invited to her wedding party.............

6. John took a lot of photos to show the trip to her parents

A lot of. photos were taken to show the trip to John's parents ................

7. The last time Trang wrote to her friend was two years ago

Trang hasn' t. written to her friend for two years..............

8. I don' t have enough money to buy a new motorbike

I wish i had enough money to buy a new motorbike...............

9. She studied this foreign languageb3 years ago

She has .studied this foreign language for 3 years.....................

10. My friend can' t pass the oral examination

I wish my friend could .pass the oral examination................

25 tháng 12 2021

em lớp 5

 

1. "you had to work hard " she said to us =>She advise us..................................... 2. "what will you do tomorrow morning?" he said to me => he asked me..................................... 3. we were late for school because of the heavy rain =>because it........................................ 4. my mother often cleans the floor every afternoon =>the floor.......................................... 5. "i'm working in the restaurant now" she said =>she...
Đọc tiếp

1. "you had to work hard " she said to us

=>She advise us.....................................

2. "what will you do tomorrow morning?" he said to me

=> he asked me.....................................

3. we were late for school because of the heavy rain

=>because it........................................

4. my mother often cleans the floor every afternoon

=>the floor..........................................

5. "i'm working in the restaurant now" she said

=>she said............................................

6. they started to work for that company when they left school

=>they have................................

7. people built a new hospital near our house 3 months ago

=>a new hospital....................................

8. i don't have enough money, so i can't buy that beatiful shirt

=>if i.......................................................

9. my parents bought me a new computer. it is very expensive

=>my parents................................................

10. unless/she/try/her best/improve/her study/not/pass/the exam

=>.............................................

2
18 tháng 12 2019

1. "you had to work hard " she said to us

=>She advise us to work hard

2. "what will you do tomorrow morning?" he said to me

=> he asked me what I would do the next morning

3. we were late for school because of the heavy rain

=>because it rained heavily , we were late for school

4. my mother often cleans the floor every afternoon

=>the floor is often cleaned by my mother every afternoon

5. "i'm working in the restaurant now" she said

=>she said that she was working in the restaurant then

6. they started to work for that company when they left school

=>they have worked for that company since they left school

7. people built a new hospital near our house 3 months ago

=>a new hospital was built near our house 3 months ago

8. i don't have enough money, so i can't buy that beatiful shirt

=>if i had enough money , i could buy that beautiful shirt

9. my parents bought me a new computer. it is very expensive

=>my parents bought me an expensive new computer

10. unless/she/try/her best/improve/her study/not/pass/the exam

=> unless she tries her best to improve her study , she won't pass the exam

18 tháng 12 2019

1. "you had to work hard " she said to us

=>She advise us....to work hard.......

2. "what will you do tomorrow morning?" he said to me

=> he asked me.....what I would fo the next day morning......

3. we were late for school because of the heavy rain

=>because it..rained heavily , we were late for school.....

4. my mother often cleans the floor every afternoon

=>the floor....is often cleaned by my mother every afternoon.......

5. "i'm working in the restaurant now" she said

=>she said....she was working in the restaurant then.....

6. they started to work for that company when they left school

=>they have....worked for that company since they left school...

7. people built a new hospital near our house 3 months ago

=>a new hospital....near hour house was built 3 months ago.....

8. i don't have enough money, so i can't buy that beatiful shirt

=>if i....had enough money , I could buy that beautiful shirt....

9. my parents bought me a new computer. it is very expensive

=>my parents..bought me a new computer which is very expensive.

10. unless/she/try/her best/improve/her study/not/pass/the exam

=> Unless she tries her best to improve , her study won't pass the exam.

Clothes can tell a lot about a person. Some people like very colorful clothes because they want everyone to look at them and they want to be the center of things. Other people like to wear nice clothes, but their clothes are not colorful or fancy. They do not like people to look at them. Clothes today are very different from the clothes of the 1800s. One difference is the way they look. For example, in the 1800s all women wore dresses. The dresses all had long skirts. But today women do not...
Đọc tiếp

Clothes can tell a lot about a person. Some people like very colorful clothes because they want everyone to look at them and they want to be the center of things. Other people like to wear nice clothes, but their clothes are not colorful or fancy. They do not like people to look at them. Clothes today are very different from the clothes of the 1800s. One difference is the way they look. For example, in the 1800s all women wore dresses. The dresses all had long skirts. But today women do not always wear dresses with long skirts .Sometimes they wear short skirts. Sometimes they wear pants. Another difference between 1800s and today is the cloth. In the 1800s, clothes were made only from natural kinds of cloth. They were made from cotton, wool, silk, or linen. But today, there are many kinds of man-made cloth. A lot of clothes are now made from nylon, rayon, or polyester.
Answer the questions: 1. Why do some people like very colorful clothes ?
2. Were the clothes of the 1800s the same as clothes today ?
3. Who wore dresses with long skirts in the 1800s?
4. What is another difference between 1800s and today?
5. Are there many kinds of man -made cloth ?
PART D. WRITING (2,5ms) I/ Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. (1,5m)
1. It's a pity I can't play the guitar well
. I wish.. ...
2. I have been doing homework for two hours.
I started.....
3. Study hard or you will fail the final exam.
-If you...
4. They will build a new market near my
- A new market......
5. "Are you going to my party tonight?"
She asked me...... She asked me ......2. She asked me if / whether I was going to her party that night.
6. "Why don't you come to class today?"
she asked me. She asked me. house
Giải hộ với, mình đang cần rất gấp

2
24 tháng 12 2019

Clothes can tell a lot about a person. Some people like very colorful clothes because they want everyone to look at them and they want to be the center of things. Other people like to wear nice clothes, but their clothes are not colorful or fancy. They do not like people to look at them. Clothes today are very different from the clothes of the 1800s. One difference is the way they look. For example, in the 1800s all women wore dresses. The dresses all had long skirts. But today women do not always wear dresses with long skirts .Sometimes they wear short skirts. Sometimes they wear pants. Another difference between 1800s and today is the cloth. In the 1800s, clothes were made only from natural kinds of cloth. They were made from cotton, wool, silk, or linen. But today, there are many kinds of man-made cloth. A lot of clothes are now made from nylon, rayon, or polyester.
Answer the questions:

1. Why do some people like very colorful clothes ?

Because they want everyone to look at them and they want to be the center of things.
2. Were the clothes of the 1800s the same as clothes today ?

No , they weren't
3. Who wore dresses with long skirts in the 1800s?

All women wore dresses.
4. What is another difference between 1800s and today?

Today women do not always wear dresses with long skirts
5. Are there many kinds of man -made cloth ?

Yes , there are
PART D. WRITING (2,5ms) I/ Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. (1,5m)
1. It's a pity I can't play the guitar well
. I wish I could play the guitar well
2. I have been doing homework for two hours.
I started doing homework two hours ago
3. Study hard or you will fail the final exam.
-If you don't study hard , you will fail the final exam.
4. They will build a new market near my
- A new market will e built near my housse
5. "Are you going to my party tonight?"
She asked me if / whether I was going to her party that night.
6. "Why don't you come to class today?"
she asked me why I didn't come to class that day

#Yumi

13 tháng 10 2021

bznxhdbbbcerggfvvvccvvddcgbrfvcrtvqegvrfrttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt......................................................................................rt b