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Bài 1:
PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Fe}\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{37,6}\cdot100\%\approx14,89\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=85,11\%\)
Bài 3:
PTHH: \(2HNO_3+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HNO_3}=0,05\cdot1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{342\cdot5\%}{171}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,05}{2}< \dfrac{0,1}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit p/ứ hết, Bazơ còn dư sau p/ứ
\(\Rightarrow\) Dung dịch sau p/ứ làm quỳ tím hóa xanh
Theo PTHH: \(n_{Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HNO_3}=0,025\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2}=0,025\cdot261=6,525\left(g\right)\)
PT: \(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
a, Ta có: \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.20}{100}=40\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{40}{98}=\dfrac{20}{49}\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{\dfrac{20}{49}}{3}\), ta được H2SO4 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=3n_{Al_2O_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{53}{490}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{53}{490}.98=10,6\left(g\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n_{Al_2O_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.342=34,2\left(g\right)\)
c, Ta có: m dd sau pư = mAl2O3 + m dd H2SO4 = 210,2 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{10,6}{210,2}.100\%\approx5,04\%\\C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{34,2}{210,2}.100\%\approx16,3\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
\(n_{H_2}=\frac{11.2}{22.4}=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
Pt
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
x 1.5x
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
y y
Ta có 27x + 24y=10.2
1.5x + y=0.5
\(\begin{cases}x=0.2\\y=0.2\end{cases}\)
%mAl = \(\frac{0.2\times27\times100}{10.2}=5.4\left(g\right)\)
%mMg = \(\frac{0.2\times24\times100}{10.2}=4.8\left(g\right)\)
b, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2SO_4}=\frac{0.5}{0.5}=1\left(l\right)\)
c, \(C_{M_{Al2SO43}}=\frac{0.1}{1}=0.1\left(M\right)\)
\(C_{MMgSO4}=\frac{0.2}{1}=0.2\left(M\right)\)
nH2=11.2/22.4=0.5(mol)
2Al+3H2SO4-->Al2(SO4)3+3H2
a 3/2a a/2 3/2a (mol)
Mg+H2SO4-->MgSO4+H2
b b b b (mol)
ta có hệ pt: 3/2a+b=0.5 và 27a+24b=10.2
==> a=0.2, b=0.2
==>%Al=0.2x27x100/10.2=52.94%, %Mg=100%-52.94%=47.06%
b)nH2SO4=3/2x0.2+0.2=0.5(mol)
=>VH2SO4=0.5/0.5=1(M)
c)CMddspu=(0.2/2+0.2)/1=0.3(L)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,796.0,5=0,398\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=0,796.0,75=0,597\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,368}{22,4}=0,195\left(mol\right)\)
BTNT H, có: \(n_{HCl}+2n_{H_2SO_4}=2n_{H_2}+2n_{H_2O}\Rightarrow n_{H_2O}=0,601\left(mol\right)\)
Theo ĐLBT KL, có: m hh + m axit = m muối + mH2 + mH2O
⇒ m = m muối = 26,43 + 0,398.36,5 + 0,597.98 - 0,195.2 - 0,601.18 = 88,255 (g)
nAl = 5,427=0,2(mol)5,427=0,2(mol)
nH2SO4 = 1 . 0,4 = 0,4 mol
Pt: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
0,2 mol->0,3 mol---> 0,1 mol-----> 0,3 mol
Xét tỉ lệ mol giữa Al và H2SO4:
0,22<0,430,22<0,43
Vậy H2SO4 dư
VH2 = 0,3 . 22,4 = 6,72 (lít)
nH2SO4 dư = 0,4 - 0,3 = 0,1 mol
Pt: BaCl2 + H2SO4 --> BaSO4 + 2HCl
...................0,1 mol---> 0,1 mol
......3BaCl2 + Al2(SO4)3 --> 3BaSO4 + 2AlCl3
......................0,1 mol------> 0,3 mol
mBaSO4 = (0,1 + 0,3). 233 =93,2 (g)
\(m_O=22.3-14.3=8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_O=\dfrac{8}{16}=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố O :
\(n_{H_2O}=n_O=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố H :
\(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2O}=0.5\cdot2=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0.5\left(l\right)\)
Bài 1:
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot0,11\cdot1,5=0,0825\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,0825\cdot24=1,98\left(g\right)\)
a) Gọi số mol của Mg là x, của Al là y \(\left(x,y>0\right)\)
Ta có: \(24x+27y=7,8\) (*)
PTHH:
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\) (2)
\(n_{H_2\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{9,916}{24,79}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\); \(n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}y\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x+\dfrac{2}{3}y=0,4\) (**)
Từ (*) và (**) ta có hệ:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=7,8\\x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải hệ ta được: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27\cdot0,2\cdot100}{7,8}\approx69\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=100\%-69\%=21\%\)
b) \(n_{MgSO_4}=n_{Mg}=0,1\left(mol\right)\); \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Tổng khối lượng muối là:
\(m_{MgSO_4}+m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\cdot120+0,1\cdot342=46,2\)