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\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Al2O3 + 6HNO3 ---> 2Al(NO3)3 + 3H2O
0,1 0,6 0,2 0,3
\(\rightarrow m_{HNO_3}=0,6.63=37,8\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddHNO_3}=\dfrac{37,8}{15\%}=252\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd\left(sau.pư\right)}=252+10,2=262,2\left(g\right)\\ m_{Al\left(NO_3\right)_3}=0,2.213=42,6\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{Al\left(NO_3\right)_3}=\dfrac{42,6}{262,2}=16,25\%\)
a) \(n_{SO_3}=\dfrac{3,2}{80}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: SO3 + H2O --> H2SO4
0,04------------->0,04
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,04.98=3,92\left(g\right)\)
b) \(n_{Na}=\dfrac{0,69}{23}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2
0,03------------>0,03
2NaOH + H2SO4 --> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,03}{2}< \dfrac{0,04}{1}\)=> NaOH hết, H2SO4 dư
2NaOH + H2SO4 --> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
0,03------>0,015---->0,015
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,015\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,025\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,015.142=2,13\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4}=0,025.98=2,45\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(n_{Na}=\dfrac{2,07}{23}=0,09\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2
0,09-------------->0,09
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,09}{2}>\dfrac{0,04}{1}\) => NaOH dư, H2SO4 hết
2NaOH + H2SO4 --> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
0,08<-----0,04------>0,04
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=0,01\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=0,01.40=0,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,04.142=5,68\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Zn+H2SO4->ZnSO4+H2
0,11-------------------------0,11
2KMnO4-tO>K2MnO4+MnO2+O2
0,06-------------------------------------0,03
2H2+O2-to>2H2O
0,06---0,03-0,06
n Zn=0,11 mol
n KMnO4=0,06 mol
=>H2 du2
=>m H2O=0,06.18=1,08g
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{7,15}{65}=0,11\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
0,11 0,11
\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{9,48}{158}=0,06\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
0,06 0,03
\(pthh:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2H_2O\\
LTL:\dfrac{0,11}{2}>\dfrac{0,03}{1}=>H_2d\text{ư}\)
theo pthh : nH2O =2 nO2= 0,12 (mol)
=> mH2O = 0,12 . 18 = 2,16(g)
n H2SO4=\(\dfrac{10\%.490}{2+32+16.4}=0,5mol\)
n Al2O3 =\(\dfrac{10,2}{27.2+16.3}=0,1mol\)
\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
bđ 0,1............0,5
pư 0,1............0,3..................0,1
spu 0 ................0,2................0,1
=> sau pư gồm H2SO4 dư , Al2(S04)3 và H2O
m H2SO4 dư = \(0,2.\left(2+32+16.3\right)=19,6g\)
m Al2(SO4)3 = \(0,1\left(27.2+32.3+16.4.3\right)=34,2g\)
m dd = \(490+10,2=500,2g\)
% Al2(SO4)3 = \(\dfrac{34,2}{500,2}.100\sim6,84\%\)
% H2SO4 dư = \(\dfrac{19,6}{500,2}.100\sim3,92\%\)
a)
Gọi $n_{Ag} = a ; n_{Cu} = b \Rightarrow 108a + 64b = 84(1)$
$3Ag + 4HNO_3 \to 3AgNO_3 + NO + 2H_2O$
$3Cu+ 8HNO_3 \to 3Cu(NO_3)_2 + 2NO + 4H_2O$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{NO} = \dfrac{a}{3} + \dfrac{2b}{3} = 0,4(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,6 ; b = 0,3
$m_{Ag} = 0,6.108 = 64,8(gam)$
$m_{Cu} = 0,3.64 = 19,2(gam)$
b)
$n_{HNO_3} = 4n_{NO} = 0,4.4 = 1,6(mol)$
$n_{H_2O} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HNO_3}= 0,8(mol)$
$m_{H_2O} = 0,8.18 = 14,4(gam)$
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{48}{160}=0,3(mol)\\ PTHH:Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\to Fe_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=3n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,9(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,9.98}{19,6\%}=450(g)\)
\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{10}{100}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
a.
\(CaCO_3+2HNO_3\rightarrow Ca\left(NO_3\right)_2+H_2O+CO_2\)
0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1
\(C\%_{dd.HNO_3}=\dfrac{0,2.63.100}{200}=6,3\%\)
b.
\(m_{dd.Ca\left(NO_3\right)_2}=10+200-0,1.44=205,6\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{dd.Ca\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,1.164.100}{205,6}=7,98\%\)
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{10.2}{102}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Al_2O_3+6HNO_3\rightarrow2Al\left(NO_3\right)_3+3H_2O\)
\(0.1...........0.6..................................0.3\)
\(m_{dd_{HNO_3}}=\dfrac{0.6\cdot63\cdot100}{15}=252\left(g\right)\)
Số phân tử nước :
\(0.3\cdot6\cdot10^{23}=1.8\cdot10^{23}\left(pt\right)\)
a)
n Al2O3 = 10,2/102 = 0,1(mol)
$Al_2O_3 + 6HNO_3 \to 2Al(NO_3)_3 + 3H_2O$
n HNO3 = 6n HNO3 = 0,6(mol)
=> m dd HNO3 = 0,6.63/15% = 252(gam)
b)
n H2O = 3n Al2O3 = 0,3(mol)
Số nguyên tử H2O : N = 0,3.6.1023 = 1,8.1023 phân tử