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\(n_{H^+} = n_{HCl} = 0,12.2 = 0,24(mol)\\ 2H^+ + O^{2-} \to H_2O\\ n_{O(oxit)} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{H^+} = 0,12(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{O_2} = \dfrac{n_{O(oxit)}}{2} = 0,06(mol)\\ n_{Mg} = \dfrac{1,68}{24} = 0,07(mol) ; n_{Al} = \dfrac{2,16}{27} = 0,08(mol)\)
Bảo toàn electron :
\(2n_{Mg} + 3n_{Al} = 4n_{O_2} + 2n_{Cl_2}\\ \Rightarrow n_{Cl_2} = \dfrac{0,07.2 + 0,08.3-0,06.4}{2} = 0,07(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%V_{Cl_2} = \dfrac{0,07}{0,07+0,06}.100\% = 53,85\%\)
\(Đặt:\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6.72}{22.4}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(m_{hh}=24x+56y=13.6\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2}=x+y=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0.1\\y=0.2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%Mg=\dfrac{0.1\cdot24}{13.6}\cdot100\%=17.64\%\\ \%Fe=100-17.64=82.36\%\)
\(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=2\cdot0.3=0.6\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0.6}{2}=0.3\left(l\right)\)
\(m_Y=m_{MgCl_2}+m_{FeCl_2}=0.1\cdot95+0.2\cdot127=34.9\left(g\right)\)
nH2 = \(\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
0,15 0,3 0,15 0,15
mFe = 0,15.56 = 8,4 (g)
mFe2O3 = 24,4 - 8,4 = 16 (g)
nFe2O3 = \(\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
%mFe = \(\dfrac{8,4}{24,4}=34,42\%\)
%mFe2O3 = \(100\%-34,42\%=65,58\%\)
Fe2O3 + 6HCl ---> 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
0,1 0,6 0,2 0,3
nHCl (ban đầu) = 0,8.1,5 = 1,2 (mol)
nHCl (dư) = 1,2 - 0,3 - 0,6 = 0,3 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{MFeCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2+0,15}{0,8}=0,4375M\\C_{MHCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,8}=0,375M\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
FeCl3 + 3NaOH ---> Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl
0,35 1,05
HCl + NaOH ---> NaCl + H2O
0,3 0,3
=> \(V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{1,05+0,3}{1}=1,35\left(l\right)=1350\left(ml\right)\)
a.\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,28}{22,4}=0,325mol\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\\n_{Zn}=y\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\left(mol\right)\) \(\rightarrow27x+65y=10,55\left(g\right)\) (1)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
x 1/2 x 3/2 x ( mol )
\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
y y y ( mol )
\(\rightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,325\left(mol\right)\) (2)
\(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,15\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,15.27}{10,55}.100\%=38,38\%\\\%m_{Zn}=100\%-38,38\%=61,62\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,15=0,075\\n_{ZnSO_4}=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) ( mol )
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0,075}{0,8}=0,09M\\C_{M_{ZnSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,8}=0,125M\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=5,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe_2O_3}=16\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Fe}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{FeCl_3}\)
Lại có : \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}+3n_{FeCl_3}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=292\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V=\dfrac{2920}{11}\left(ml\right)=\dfrac{73}{275}\left(l\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{MFeCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2}{\dfrac{73}{275}}=\dfrac{55}{73}\left(M\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\)
a, \(n_A=0,5\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2}+n_{CO_2}\)
\(m_{hh}=33=24n_{Mg}+84n_{MgCO_3}=84n_{CO_2}+24n_{H_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,15\left(30\%\right)\\n_{CO_2}=0,35\left(70\%\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ( mol )
b, Có \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}+2n_{CO_2}=1\left(mol\right)\)
Mà \(n_{HClbd}=1,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCldu}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Lại có : \(m_{ddsau}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{hhkhi}=33+880-0,15.2-0,35.44=897,3\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,5.\left(24+71\right)}{897,3}.100\%\approx5,3\%\\C\%_{HCldu}=\dfrac{0,6\left(35,5+1\right)}{897,3}.100\%\approx2,44\%\end{matrix}\right.\)