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Hh: `Zn:x(mol);Al:y(mol)`
`->65x+27y=16,24(1)`
`Zn+2HCl->ZnCl_2+H_2`
`2Al+6HCl->2AlCl_3+3H_2`
Theo PT: `n_{H_2}=x+1,5y={9,4202}/{24,79}=0,38(2)`
`(1)(2)->x=0,2;y=0,12`
`m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13(g)`
`m_{Al}=16,24-13=3,24(g)`
Sửa đề : 13.9 (g)
\(n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m=27a+56b=13.9\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7.84}{22.4}=0.35\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{H_2}=1.5a+b=0.35\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.1,b=0.2\)
\(\%Al=\dfrac{0.1\cdot27}{13.9}\cdot100\%=19.42\%\)
\(\%Fe=100-19.42=80.58\%\)
\(n_{Zn} = a(mol) ; n_{Al} = b(mol) ; n_{Mg} = c(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 65a + 27b + 24c = 44,1(1)\\ Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3 H_2\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b + c = \dfrac{31,36}{22,4} = 1,4(2)\\ Mà : 2a = 3b(3)\\ (1)(2)(3) \Rightarrow a = 0,3 ; b = 0,2 ; c = 0,8\\ \%m_{Zn} = \dfrac{0,3.65}{44,1}.100\% = 44,22\%\\ \%m_{Al} = \dfrac{0,2.27}{44,1}.100\% = 12,24\%\)
\(\%m_{Mg} = 100\% -44,22\% -12,24\% = 43,54\%\)
a) Do dd sau pư có 3 chát tan với nồng độ % bằng nhau
=> \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=m_{ZnSO_4}=m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)
Gọi số mol Al, Zn là a, b (mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a----->1,5a------->0,5a----->1,5a
Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
b----->b--------->b----->b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5a=171a\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnSO_4}=161b\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 171a = 161b
=> \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{161}{171}\) (1)
Có: \(\dfrac{m_{Al}}{m_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27.n_{Al}}{65.n_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27}{65}.\dfrac{161}{171}=\dfrac{483}{1235}\)
b) \(n_{H_2}=1,5a+b=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) (2)
(1)(2) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{161}{825}\left(mol\right)\\b=\dfrac{57}{275}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{161}{825}.27+\dfrac{57}{275}.65=\dfrac{5154}{275}\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5\dfrac{161}{825}=\dfrac{9177}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=98\left(1,5a+b\right)+\dfrac{9177}{275}=\dfrac{22652}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(y=\dfrac{\dfrac{22652}{275}.100}{10}=\dfrac{45304}{55}\left(g\right)\)
a) Do dd sau pư có 3 chát tan với nồng độ % bằng nhau
=> \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=m_{ZnSO_4}=m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)
Gọi số mol Al, Zn là a, b (mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a----->1,5a------->0,5a----->1,5a
Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
b----->b--------->b----->b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5a=171a\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnSO_4}=161b\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 171a = 161b
=> \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{161}{171}\) (1)
Có: \(\dfrac{m_{Al}}{m_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27.n_{Al}}{65.n_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27}{65}.\dfrac{161}{171}=\dfrac{483}{1235}\)
b) \(n_{H_2}=1,5a+b=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) (2)
(1)(2) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{161}{825}\left(mol\right)\\b=\dfrac{57}{275}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{161}{825}.27+\dfrac{57}{275}.65=\dfrac{5154}{275}\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5\dfrac{161}{825}=\dfrac{9177}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=98\left(1,5a+b\right)+\dfrac{9177}{275}=\dfrac{22652}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(y=\dfrac{\dfrac{22652}{275}.100}{10}=\dfrac{45304}{55}\left(g\right)\)
Gọi nFe = a (mol); nAl = b (mol)
=> 56a + 27b = 11 (1)
nH2 = 8,96/22,4 = 0,4 (mol)
PTHH:
Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
a ---> 2a ---> a ---> a
2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b ---> 1,5b ---> b ---> b
=> a + 1,5b = 0,4 (2)
Từ (1)(2) => a = 0,1 (mol); b = 0,15 (mol)
mFe = 0,1 . 56 = 5,6 (g)
mAl = 0,2 . 27 = 5,4 (g)
THAM KHẢO :
Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl2 + H2 (1)
a) 2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2 (2)
Gọi khối lượng Fe là x(g) (0<x<11) => nFe = x/56 (mol)
Thì mAl là 11-x(g) => nAl = (11-x)/27 (mol)
nH2 = 8,96/22,4 = 0,4 (mol)
Theo PT (1) ta có: nH2 = nFe = x/56 (mol)
Theo PT (2) ta có: nH2 = 3/2 nAl = 3/2 . (11-x)/27 = (11-x)/18 (mol)
Theo đề bài, nH2 thu được là 0,4(mol) nên ta có:
x/56 + (11-x)/18 = 0,4
<=> 18x +56(11-x) = 403,2
<=> x = 5,6 (g)
Do đó: mFe = 5,6(g) => nFe = 5,6/56 = 0,1 (mol)
mAl = 11-5,6 = 5,4(g) => nAl = 5,4/27 = 0,2 (mol)
\(n_{Al} = a(mol) ; n_{Fe} = b(mol)\Rightarrow 27a + 56b = 11(1)\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = 1,5a + b = \dfrac{8,96}{22,4} = 0,4(2)\\ (1)(2) \Rightarrow a=0,2 ;b = 0,1\\ m_{Al} = 0,2.27 = 5,4(gam)\\ m_{Fe} = 0,1.56 = 5,6(gam)\\ \%m_{Al} = \dfrac{5,4}{11}.100\% = 49,09\%\\ \%m_{Fe} = 100\% -49,09\% = 50,91\%\)
Zn + 2Hcl = Zncl2 + H2
x........2x......................x
Fe + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2
y.......2y..........................y
65x + 56y = 18,6
x+y = 6.72/22.4
=> x =0,2 y=0,1
=> m Hcl = ( 2x + 2y) 36,5= 21,9
=> %Zn = 0,2.65:18,6.100%= 70%
%Fe = 30%
2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3+3H2
Zn+2HCl→ZnCl2+ H2
đặt mol H2 là x => nAl=\(\frac{2x}{3}\) ; nZn=x
=> \(\frac{a_1}{a_2}=\frac{\left(2x:3\right).27}{65x}=\frac{18}{65}\)
mHCl 10%=\(\frac{\left(2x+2x\right).36,5.100}{10}=1460x\)
Số mol Al là: \(n_{Al}=\frac{m}{M}=\frac{a_1}{27}\)
Số mol Zn là: \(n_{Zn}=\frac{m}{M}=\frac{a_2}{65}\)
\(PTHH_{\left(1\right)}:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
(mol) 2 6 2 3
(mol) \(\frac{a_1}{27}\) \(\frac{a_1}{9}\) \(\frac{a_1}{18}\)
\(PTHH_{\left(2\right)}:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
(mol) 1 2 1 1
(mol) \(\frac{a_2}{65}\) \(\frac{a_2}{32,5}\) \(\frac{a_2}{65}\)
Theo đề bài ta có: \(V_{H_2\left(1\right)}=V_{H_2\left(2\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a_1}{18}=\frac{a_2}{65}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a_1}{a_2}=\frac{18}{65}\)