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2CH3COOH+CaCO3-to>(CH3COO)2Ca+H2O+CO2
0,4-----------------0,2----------------------------------------0,2
2CH3COOH+CaO->(CH3COO)2Ca+H2O
0,1----------------0,05
n CO2=0,2 mol
=>%m CaCO3=\(\dfrac{0,2.100}{22,8}100=87,72\%\)
=>%m CaO=12,28%
=>n CaO=0,05 mol
=>VCH3COOH=\(\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25l\)
a)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CaCO3 + 2CH3COOH --> (CH3COO)2Ca + CO2 + H2O
0,2<---------0,4<------------------------------0,2
=> \(m_{CaCO_3}=0,2.100=20\left(g\right)\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{20}{22,8}=87,72\%\\\%m_{CaO}=100\%-87,72\%=12,28\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
\(n_{CaO}=\dfrac{22,8-20}{56}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CaO + 2CH3COOH --> (CH3COO)2Ca + H2O
0,05---->0,1
=> \(V_{dd.CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,1+0,4}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)
c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{a}{60}\left(mol\right)\\n_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{1,5a}{46}\left(mol\right)\\n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=\dfrac{1,2a}{88}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: CH3COOH + C2H5OH --H2SO4(đ),to--> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{\dfrac{a}{60}}{1}< \dfrac{\dfrac{1,5a}{46}}{1}\) => HIệu suất tính theo CH3COOH
\(n_{CH_3COOH\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1,2a}{88}\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(H=\dfrac{\dfrac{1,2a}{88}}{\dfrac{a}{60}}.100\%=81,82\%\)
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (2)
a) Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol của Mg là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=a\)
Gọi số mol của Fe là \(b\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=b\)
Ta lập được hệ phương trình:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,8\\24a+56b=25,6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,6\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,6mol\\n_{Fe}=0,2mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,6\cdot24=14,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{14,4}{25,6}\cdot100\%=56,25\%\\\%m_{Fe}=43,75\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{Mg}=1,2mol\\n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=2n_{Fe}=0,4mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=1,6mol\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1,6}{2}=0,8\left(l\right)=800ml\)
c) PTHH: \(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
\(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,6mol\\n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\cdot90=18\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,6\cdot58=34,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{kếttủa}=18+34,8=52,8\left(g\right)\)
\(A/PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(B/n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\\ n_{Fe}=a;n_{Zn}=b\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+65b=18,6\\a+b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow a=0,1;b=0,2\\ m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6g\\ m_{Zn}=18,6-5,6=13g\)
\(n_{Mg}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 24x+56y=4(1)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1(mol)\\ Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow x+y=0,1(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=y=0,05(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,05.56}{4}.100\%=70\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Mg}=100\%-70\%=30\%\)
Chất rắn không tan là Cu.
\(Fe + H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4 + H_2\)
Ta có :
\(n_{Fe} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{4,48}{22,4} = 0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe} = 0,2.56 = 11,2(gam)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Cu} = 15,2 - 11,2 = 4(gam)\)
Đặt \(\begin{cases} n_{Fe}=x(mol)\\ n_{Mg}=y(mol) \end{cases}\Rightarrow 56x+24y=8(1)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2(mol)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow x+y=0,2(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow \begin{cases} x=0,1(mol)\\ y=0,1(mol) \end{cases}\Rightarrow \begin{cases} m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6(g)\\ m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4(g) \end{cases} \)