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nHCl= 0,4.2,75=1,1(mol)
=> nH+=nCl-=nHCl= 1,1(mol)
m=m(muối)= mCl- + m(hh kim loại)= 35,5.1,1 + 25,3= 64,35(g)
nH2= nH+/2= 1,1/2= 0,55(mol)
=> V=V(H2,đktc)= 0,55.22,4=12,32(l)
em học lớp 6 và bài này em tự làm , mong các senpai tick cho em ạ
\(19,1gam\) \(:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al\\Mg\\Zn\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\underrightarrow{+O_2}\)\(Y:25,5gam\)\(\underrightarrow{+HCl}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AgCl_3\\MgCl_2\\ZnCl_2\end{matrix}\right.\) + H2 : 0,3 mol
H2O
Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng:
\(mO_2=25,5-19,1=6,4gam\) \(\Rightarrow nO_2=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
BTNT O : nH2O = 0,4mol
\(\rightarrow nHCl^-\left(tdOxi\right)=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
\(nH_2=0,3\left(mol\right)\rightarrow nCl^-\left(tdKl\right)=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{muối}=19,1+\left(0,8+0,6\right).35,5=68,8\left(g\right)\)
\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,576}{22,4}=0,115\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}95a+133,5b=10,475\\a+1,5b=0,115\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,04\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\\ \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,04.24}{0,04.24+0,05.27}.100\approx41,558\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx58,442\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,115=0,23\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x=C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,23.36,5}{100}.100=8,395\%\)
a) \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,05<-----------0,05---->0,075
=> \(\%Al=\dfrac{0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=9,54\%\)
=> \(\%Cu=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=90,46\%\)
b) \(V_{H_2}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
0,05->0,0375
2Cu + O2 --to--> 2CuO
0,2-->0,1
=> \(V_{O_2}=\left(0,1+0,0375\right).22,4=3,08\left(l\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ m_{AlCl_3}=6,675\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_A=0,05.27=1,35\left(g\right);m_{Cu}=14,15-1,35=12,8\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{14,15}.100\approx90,459\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx9,541\%\\ b,n_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,05=0,075\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\\ 4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\\ 2Cu+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2CuO\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{4}.n_{Al}+\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3}{4}.0,05+\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,0875\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,0875.22,4=1,96\left(l\right)\)
\(m_O=\dfrac{15.12,8}{100}=1,92\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_O=\dfrac{1,92}{16}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2O}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn H: nHCl = 0,12.2 + 0,15.2 = 0,54 (mol)
=> nCl = 0,54 (mol)
mmuối = mhh rắn - mO + mCl
= 15 - 1,92 + 0,54.35,5 = 32,25 (g)
Câu 1 :\(n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{2,688}{22,4} = 0,12(mol)\)
MgCO3 + 2HCl \(\to\) MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O
..................................0,12........0,12..................(mol)
Suy ra: a = 0,12.95 = 11,4(gam)
Câu 2 :
\(Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{Fe} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3,36}{22,4} = 0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Cu} = 2n_{Fe} = 0,15.2 = 0,3(mol)\\ 2Fe+3Cl_2\xrightarrow{t^o} 2FeCl_3\\ Cu+Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} CuCl_2\\ n_{Cl_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Fe} + n_{Cu} = 0,525\\ \Rightarrow V = 0,525.22,4 =11,76(lít)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Fe + H2SO4 --> FeSO4 + H2
Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
=> nHCl = 2.nH2 = 0,9 (mol)
Theo ĐLBTKL: mKL + mH2SO4 = mmuối + mH2
=> mmuối = 21,3 + 0,9.36,5 - 0,45.2 = 53,25(g)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}:a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}:b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65a+27b=1,19\\136a+133,5b=4,03\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,01\\b=0,02\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H2}=0,01+0,02.1,5=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2}=0,04.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)