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ĐKXĐ: \(-1\le x\le\dfrac{5}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3x+3}-3+1-\sqrt{5-2x}=x^3-3x^2-10x+24\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3\left(x-2\right)}{\sqrt{3x+3}+3}+\dfrac{2\left(x-2\right)}{1+\sqrt{5-2x}}=\left(x-2\right)\left(x-4\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{3x+3}+3}+\dfrac{2}{1+\sqrt{5-2x}}=\left(x-4\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét (1), ta có:
\(\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{3x+3}+3}+\dfrac{2}{1+\sqrt{5-2x}}>0\)
\(-1\le x\le\dfrac{5}{2}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+3>0\\x-4< 0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(x+3\right)\left(x-4\right)< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\) vô nghiệm hay pt có nghiệm duy nhất \(x=2\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
(3):
a: =>căn 2x-3=x-3
=>x>=3 và x^2-6x+9=2x-3
=>x>=3 và x^2-8x+12=0
=>x=6
b: =>x>=-1 và 2x^2+mx-3=x^2+2x+1
=>x>=-1 và x^2+(m-2)x-4=0
=>với mọi m thì pt luôn có hai nghiệm phân biệt lớn hơn -1 vì a*c<0
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bấm máy may mắn ra nghiệm đẹp
Đk: \(-1\le x\le\frac{5}{2}\)
PT <=> \(6x^2+20x+2\sqrt{3x+3}=2x^3+52+2\sqrt{5-2x}\)
<=> \(\left[2\sqrt{3x+3}-\left(4+x\right)\right]+6x^2+23x=2x^3+2\left[\sqrt{5-2x}-\left(3-x\right)\right]+54\)
Xét \(-1\le x\) => \(2\sqrt{3x+3}+4+x\ge0+4-1=3>0\)
Xét \(-1\le x\le\frac{5}{2}\) => \(\frac{1}{2}\le\sqrt{5-2x}+3-x\le\sqrt{7}+4\) => \(\sqrt{5-2x}+3-x\ne0\)
Pt <=> \(\frac{4\left(3x+3\right)-\left(4+x\right)^2}{2\sqrt{3x+3}+4+x}+6x^2+23x=2x^3+2.\frac{5-2x-\left(3-x\right)^2}{\sqrt{5-2x}+3-x}+54\)
<=>\(\frac{-x^2+4x-4}{2\sqrt{3x+3}+4x+}-2.\frac{-x^2+4x-4}{\sqrt{5-2x}+3-x}-\left(2x^3-6x^2-23x+54\right)=0\)
<=> \(\frac{-\left(x-2\right)^2}{2\sqrt{3x+3}+4+x}+\frac{2\left(x-2\right)^2}{\sqrt{5-2x}+3-x}-\left(x-2\right)\left(2x^2-2x-27\right)=0\)
<=>\(\left(x-2\right)\left[\frac{-\left(x-2\right)}{2\sqrt{3x+3}+4+x}+\frac{2\left(x-2\right)}{\sqrt{5-2x}+3-x}-2x^2+2x+27\right]=0\)
<=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\left(1\right)\\-\frac{\left(x-2\right)}{2\sqrt{3x+3}+4+x}+\frac{2\left(x-2\right)}{\sqrt{5-2x}+3-x}-2x^2+2x+27=0\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Từ (1)=> x=2(t/m pt)
Chắc chắn (2) vô nghiệm nhưng chưa biết CM
------------------------------------------------------------------
Đau mắt quá thì chuyển qua liên hợp kiểu này đi(dễ hơn)
pt <=> \(\left(\sqrt{3x+3}-3\right)-\left(\sqrt{5-2x}-1\right)+3x^2+10x-x^3-24=0\)
Luôn có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{3x+3}+3>0\\\sqrt{5-2x}+1>0\end{matrix}\right.\) với mọi x
pt <=> \(\frac{3x+3-9}{\sqrt{3x+3}+3}-\frac{5-2x-1}{\sqrt{5-2x}+1}-\left(x-2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x-4\right)=0\)
<=>\(\frac{3\left(x-2\right)}{\sqrt{3x+3}+3}+\frac{2\left(x-2\right)}{\sqrt{5-2x}+1}-\left(x-2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x-4\right)=0\)
<=>\(\left(x-2\right)\left[\frac{3}{\sqrt{3x+3}+3}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{5-2x}+1}-\left(x+3\right)\left(x-4\right)\right]=0\)
<=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\left(tm\right)\\\frac{3}{\sqrt{3x+3}+3}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{5-2x}+1}-\left(x+3\right)\left(x-4\right)=0\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
(1) <=>\(\frac{3}{\sqrt{3x+3}+3}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{5-2x}+1}=\left(x+3\right)\left(x-4\right)\)
Tại \(-1\le x\le\frac{5}{2}\)=> \(-10\le\left(x+3\right)\left(x-4\right)\le-\frac{33}{4}< 0\)
=> Vế phải của (1) luôn âm
Xét vế trái của (1) có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{3x+3}+3>0\\\sqrt{5-2x}+1>0\end{matrix}\right.\)=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{3}{\sqrt{3x+3}+3}>0\\\frac{2}{\sqrt{5-2x}+1}>0\end{matrix}\right.\)=> \(\frac{3}{\sqrt{3x+3}+3}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{5-2x}+1}>0\)
=> Vế trái của (1) luôn dương hay (1) vô nghiệm
Vậy pt có 1 nghiệm duy nhất x=2
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(ĐK:x\ge0;y\ge2;5x-y\ge0\\ PT\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{y+3x}-\sqrt{5x-y}+\sqrt{2x+7y}-3\sqrt{x}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2y-2x}{\sqrt{y+3x}+\sqrt{5x-y}}+\dfrac{7y-7x}{\sqrt{2x+7y}+3\sqrt{x}}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(y-x\right)\left(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{y+3x}+\sqrt{5x-y}}+\dfrac{7}{\sqrt{2x+7y}+3\sqrt{x}}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=y\left(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{y+3x}+\sqrt{5x-y}}+\dfrac{7}{\sqrt{2x+7y}+3\sqrt{x}}>0\right)\)
Thay vào \(PT\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow x-4+\sqrt{x-2}=\sqrt{x^3-10x^2+33x-34}-\sqrt{x^3-9x^2+24x-16}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2-9x+18}{x-4+\sqrt{x-2}}=\dfrac{-x^2+9x-18}{\sqrt{x^3-10x^2+33x-34}+\sqrt{x^3-9x^2+24x-16}}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-9x+18\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x-4+\sqrt{x-2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x^3-10x^2+33x-34}+\sqrt{x^3-9x^2+24x-16}}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2-9x+18=0\left(\text{ngoặc lớn luôn }>0,\forall x\ge2\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y=3\\x=y=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ...
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
đa phần mình sử dụng phương pháp liên hợp nha bạn
\(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}=\dfrac{a-b}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}\)
b. điều kiện \(\dfrac{1}{4}\le x\le\dfrac{3}{8}\), pt:
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3-8x}-\sqrt{4x-1}=6x-2\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3-8x-4x+1}{\sqrt{3-8x}+\sqrt{4x-1}}=2\left(3x-1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{-4\left(3x-1\right)}{\sqrt{3-8x}+\sqrt{4x-1}}=2\left(3x-1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(3x-1\right)+\dfrac{4\left(3x-1\right)}{\sqrt{3-8x}+\sqrt{4x-1}}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(3x-1\right)\left(1+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3-8x}+\sqrt{4x-1}}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(n\right)\\1+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3-8x}+\sqrt{4x-1}}=0\left(vn\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
d. điều kiện: \(x\le-4\cup x\ge0\), pt:
\(\Leftrightarrow1-\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}=\sqrt{2x^2+x+2}-\sqrt{x^2+4x}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1-x^2+3x-3}{1+\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}}=\dfrac{2x^2+x+2-x^2-4x}{\sqrt{2x^2+x+2}+\sqrt{x^2+4x}}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{-\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)}{1+\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}}=\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)}{\sqrt{2x^2+x+2}+\sqrt{x^2+4x}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\left(n\right)\\x=1\left(n\right)\\\dfrac{-1}{1+\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2+x+2}+\sqrt{x^2+4x}}\left(vn\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
e. điều kiện:x thuộc R
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2+15}-4=3x-3+\sqrt{x^2+8}-3\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2+15-16}{\sqrt{x^2+15}+4}=3\left(x-1\right)+\dfrac{x^2+8-9}{\sqrt{x^2+8}+3}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\sqrt{x^2+15}+4}-3\left(x-1\right)-\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\sqrt{x^2+8}+3}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)}{\sqrt{x^2+15}+4}-3-\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)}{\sqrt{x^2+8}+3}=0\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
(1) mình không biết có vô nghiệm không nữa và cũng thua luôn
f. điều kiện: \(x\ge-2\)
bài này giải cách hơi khác một chút
đặt \(a=\sqrt{x+5}\left(\ge0\right)\\ b=\sqrt{x+2}\left(\ge0\right)\)
pt:
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+5}-\sqrt{x+2}\right)\left[\left(1+\sqrt{\left(x+5\right)\left(x+2\right)}\right)\right]\\ \Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(1+ab\right)=3\left(1\right)\)
mà \(a^2-b^2=x+5-x-2=3\\ \Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)=3\left(2\right)\)
=> (1) = (2)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(1+ab\right)=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(1+ab-a-b\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)=0\)
TH1: a=b \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+5}=\sqrt{x+2}\Leftrightarrow x+5=x+2\left(vn\right)\)
TH2: a=1\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+5}=1\Leftrightarrow x=-4\left(l\right)\)
TH3: b=1\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+2}=1\Leftrightarrow x=-1\left(n\right)\)
g. điều kiện: \(x\le-\sqrt{2}\cup x\ge\dfrac{7+\sqrt{37}}{2}\)
pt:
\(\dfrac{3x^2-7x+3-3x^2+5x+1}{\sqrt{3x^2-7x+2}+\sqrt{x^2-3x-4}}=\dfrac{x^2-2-x^2+3x-4}{\sqrt{3x^2-5x-1}+\sqrt{x^2-2}}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{-2\left(x-2\right)}{\sqrt{3x^2-7x+2}+\sqrt{x^2-3x-4}}=\dfrac{3\left(x-2\right)}{\sqrt{3x^2-5x-1}+\sqrt{x^2-2}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\left(n\right)\\\dfrac{-2}{\sqrt{3x^2-7x+2}+\sqrt{x^2-3x-4}}=\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{3x^2-5x-1}+\sqrt{x^2-2}}\left(vn\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)h. điều kiện \(x\le-2-\sqrt{7}\cup x\ge-2+\sqrt{7}\)
\(\sqrt{2x^2+x-1}-\sqrt{x^2+4x-3}=\sqrt{2x^2+4x-3}-\sqrt{3x^2+x-1}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x^2+x-1-x^2-4x+3}{\sqrt{2x^2+x-1}+\sqrt{x^2+4x-3}}=\dfrac{2x^2+4x-3-3x^2-x+1}{\sqrt{2x^2+4x-3}+\sqrt{3x^2+x-1}}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2-3x+2}{\sqrt{2x^2+x-1}+\sqrt{x^2+4x-3}}=\dfrac{-\left(x^2-3x+2\right)}{\sqrt{2x^2+4x-3}+\sqrt{3x^2+x-1}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-3x+2=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\left(n\right),x=2\left(n\right)\\\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2+x-1}+\sqrt{x^2+4x-3}}=\dfrac{-1}{\sqrt{2x^2+4x-3}+\sqrt{3x^2+x-1}}\left(vn\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
(nhớ tích cho mình nha, mấy bài kia mình ko biết làm huhu)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+3}=t\left(t\ge0\right)\)
=>\(t^2=x^2+3\Leftrightarrow x^2=t^2-3\)
Pt trở thành \(\left(3x+1\right)t=t^2-3+2x^2+2x+3\)
<=>\(t^2-\left(3x+1\right)+2x^2+2x=0\)
Có \(\Delta=\left(3x+1\right)^2-4\left(2x^2+2x\right)=x^2-2x+1=\left(x-1\right)^2\)
Nên \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=\dfrac{3x+1-x+1}{2}=x+1\\t=\dfrac{3x+1+x-1}{2}=2x\end{matrix}\right.\)
+, \(t=x+1\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2+3}=x+1\Rightarrow x^2+3=x^2+2x+1\left(x\ge-1\right)\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\left(TM\right)\)
+, \(t=2x\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2+3}=2x\Rightarrow x^2+3=4x^2\left(x\ge0\right)\Leftrightarrow3x^2-3=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\left(TM\right)\\x=-1\left(L\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(S=\left\{-1;1\right\}\)