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\(a.\)
\(GS:\)
\(n_{hh}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Đặt:n_{N_2}=a\left(mol\right),n_{CO_2}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b=1\left(1\right)\)
\(m_A=28a+44b=18\cdot2=36\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):\)
\(a=b=0.5\)
\(\%m_{N_2}=\dfrac{0.5\cdot28}{0.5\cdot28+0.5\cdot44}\cdot100\%=38.89\%\)
\(\%m_{CO_2}=61.11\%\)
\(b.\)
\(\dfrac{n_{N_2}}{n_{CO_2}}=\dfrac{0.5}{0.5}=\dfrac{1}{1}\)
\(n_{N_2}=n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot n_A=\dfrac{0.2}{2}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Đặt:n_{CO_2}=x\left(mol\right)\)
\(\overline{M}=\dfrac{0.1\cdot28+0.1\cdot44+44x}{0.2+x}=20\cdot2=40\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=0.2\)
\(m_{CO_2\left(cầnthêm\right)}=0.2\cdot44=8.8\left(g\right)\)
1)
\(d_{SO_2/kk}=\dfrac{64}{29}\approx2,21\)
\(d_{N_2O/kk}=\dfrac{44}{29}\approx1,52\)
2)
\(d_{N_2/CO_2}=\dfrac{28}{44}\approx0,64\) \(d_{N_2/O_2}=\dfrac{28}{32}=0,875\)
\(d_{H_2/CO_2}=\dfrac{2}{44}\approx0,05\) \(d_{H_2/O_2}=\dfrac{2}{32}=0,0625\)
Câu 1 :
Coi
\(n_{SO_2} = n_{N_2O} = 1\ mol\\ M_{hỗn\ hợp} = \dfrac{64+44}{1+1} = 54(g/mol)\\ \Rightarrow d_{hh/không\ khí} = \dfrac{54}{29} = 1,86\)
Câu 2 :
Coi :
\(n_{N_2} = n_{H_2} = 1\ mol\\ M_{hỗn\ hợp} = \dfrac{28 + 2}{1 + 1} = 15(g/mol)\)
Suy ra :
\(d_{hh/CO_2} = \dfrac{15}{44} = 0,34\\ d_{hh/O_2} = \dfrac{15}{32} = 0,46875\)
Giả sử các khí được đo ở điều kiện sao cho 1 mol khí chiếm thể tích 1 lít
Gọi số mol CH4, C2H6 là a, b (mol)
=> \(a+b=\dfrac{25}{1}=25\left(mol\right)\) (1)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{95}{1}=95\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CH4 + 2O2 --to--> CO2 + 2H2O
a---->2a---------->a
2C2H6 + 7O2 --to--> 4CO2 + 6H2O
b------>3,5b-------->2b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=95-2a-3,5b\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=a+2b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(95-a-1,5b=\dfrac{60}{1}=60\)
=> a + 1,5b = 35 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 5; b = 20
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%V_{CH_4}=\dfrac{5}{25}.100\%=20\%\\\%V_{C_2H_6}=\dfrac{20}{25}.100\%=80\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\overline{M}_A=\dfrac{5.16+20.30}{5+20}=27,2\left(g/mol\right)\)
\(\overline{M}_B=20,5.2=41\left(g/mol\right)\)
=> \(d_{A/B}=\dfrac{27,2}{41}\approx0,663\)
\(n_A=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{N_2}=a\left(mol\right),n_{H_2}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=1\left(1\right)\)
\(m_A=28a+2b=7.2\left(g\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right)\left(2\right):a=0.2,b=0.8\)
\(\%N_2=20\%,\%H_2=80\%\)
\(n_{N_2\left(pư\right)}=a\left(mol\right)\)
\(N_2+3H_2⇌2NH_3\)
\(0.2......0.8\)
\(a.......3a.........2a\)
\(0.2-a.0.8-3a....2a\)
\(M_B=\dfrac{\left(0.2-a\right)\cdot28+\left(0.8-3a\right)\cdot2+2a\cdot17}{0.2-a+0.8-3a+2a}=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=0.1\)
\(\%N_2=12.5\%\)
\(\%H_2=62.5\%\)
\(\%NH_3=25\%\)
\(H\%=\dfrac{0.1}{0.2}\cdot100\%=50\%\)
Coi $n_A = 1(mol)$
Gọi $n_{N_2} = a ; n_{H_2} = b$
$M_A = 3,6.2 = 7,2$
Ta có:
$a + b = 1$
$28a + 2b = 7,2(a + b)$
Suy ra a = 0,2; b = 0,8
Vậy $\%V_{N_2} = \dfrac{0,2}{1}.100\% = 20% ; \%V_{H_2} = 80\%$
Gọi hiệu suất là a
$N_2 + 3H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o,xt} 2NH_3$
Ta thấy : $n_{N_2} : 1 < n_{H_2} : 3$ nên hiệu suất tính theo $N_2$
$n_{N_2\ pư} = 0,2a(mol)$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{H_2\ pư} = 0,6a(mol) ; n_{NH_3} = 0,4a(mol)$
$m_B = m_A = 7,2(gam)$
$\Rightarrow n_B = \dfrac{7,2}{4,5.2} = 0,8$
Khí B gồm :
$N_2 : 0,2 - 0,2a(mol)$
$H_2 : 0,8 - 0,6a(mol)$
$NH_3 : 0,4a(mol)$
Suy ra : 0,2 - 0,2a + 0,8 - 0,6a + 0,4a = 0,8
Suy ra a = 0,5 = 50%
Vậy B gồm :
$N_2 : 0,1(mol)$
$H_2 : 0,5(mol)$
$NH_3 : 0,2(mol)$
$\%V_{N_2} = \dfrac{0,1}{0,8}.100\% = 12,5\%$
$\%V_{H_2} = \dfrac{0,5}{0,8}.100\% = 62,5\%$
$\%V_{NH_3} = 25\%$
\(I,M_{hh}=M_{O_2}.0,3125=32.0,3125=10\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ Đặt:n_{N_2}=a\left(\%\right)\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{28a+2\left(100\%-a\right)}{100\%}=10\\ \Leftrightarrow a\approx30,769\%=\%n_{N_2}=\%V_{N_2}\\ \Rightarrow\%V_{H_2}\approx69,231\%\\ II,Đặt:n_{N_2\left(thêm\right)}=k\left(mol\right)\\ n_{hh}=\dfrac{29,12}{22,4}=1,3\left(mol\right)\\ M_{hh.khí.mới}=M_{O_2}.0,46875=32.0,46875=15\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(k+0,13.0,30769\right).28+2.0,69231}{k+0,13}=15\\ \Leftrightarrow k=\left(ra.âm\right)\)
Nói chung làm được ý 1, anh thấy ý 2 ra âm. Em xem lại đề nha
Bài 1.
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{N_2}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\dfrac{d_{N_2,H_2}}{M_{O_2}}=0,3125\Rightarrow d_{N_2,H_2}=0,3125\cdot32=10\)
Sơ đồ chéo:
\(N_2\) 28 8
\(10\)
\(H_2\) 2 18
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{N_2}{H_2}=\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{8}{18}=\dfrac{4}{9}\)\(\Rightarrow9x-4y=0\left(1\right)\)
Mà \(x+y=\dfrac{29,12}{22,4}=1,3\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,4\\y=0,9\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%V_{N_2}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,4+0,9}\cdot100\%=30,77\%\)
\(\%V_{H_2}=100\%-30,77\%=69,23\%\)