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Đk: \(x\ge6\)
pt\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{5x^2+4x}=5\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x^2-3x-18}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5x^2+4x=25x+x^2-3x-18+10\sqrt{x\left(x^2-3x-18\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-9x+9=5\sqrt{x^3-3x^2-18x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^4+81x^2+81-36x^3-162x+36x^2=25\left(x^3-3x^2-18x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^4-61x^3+192x^2+288x+81=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-9\right)\left(4x+3\right)\left(x^2-7x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4x+3\right)\left(x-9\right)\left(x-\dfrac{7+\sqrt{61}}{2}\right)\left(x-\dfrac{7-\sqrt{61}}{2}\right)=0\)
mà x \(\ge6\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4x+3>0\\x-\dfrac{7-\sqrt{61}}{2}>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-9\right)\left(x-\dfrac{7+\sqrt{61}}{2}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=9\\x=\dfrac{7+\sqrt{61}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy.....
Sau khi bình phương lần thứ nhất, đến:
\(2x^2-9x+9=5\sqrt{x^3-3x^2-18}\)
Thay vì bình phương tiếp lên bậc 4 rất cồng kềnh, em có thể đặt ẩn phụ:
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-9x+9=5\sqrt{\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-6x\right)}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-6x}=a\\\sqrt{x+3}=b\end{matrix}\right.\) ta được:
\(2a^2+3b^2=5ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(2a-3b\right)=0\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Điều kiện xác định: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x^2+4x\ge0\\x^2-3x-18\ge0\\x\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\left(5x+4\right)\ge0\\\left(x-6\right)\left(x+3\right)\ge0\\x\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\x\le\dfrac{-4}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\ge6\\x\le-3\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow x\ge6\) (*)
Khi đó phương trình \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\sqrt{5x^2+4x}=\sqrt{x^2-3x-18}+5\sqrt{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5x^2+4x=x^2+22x-18+10\sqrt{x\left(x^2-3x-18\right)}\\ \Leftrightarrow4x^2-18x+18=10\sqrt{x\left(x^2-3x-18\right)}\\ \Leftrightarrow5\sqrt{x\left(x-6\right)\left(x+3\right)}=2x^2-9x+9\\ \Leftrightarrow5\sqrt{\left(x^2-6x\right)\left(x+3\right)}=2\left(x^2-6x\right)+3\left(x+3\right)\left(1\right)\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\sqrt{x^2-6x}\ge0\\b=\sqrt{x+3}\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó pt \(\left(1\right)\) trở thành: \(2a^2+3b^2-5ab=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(2a-3b\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\2a=3b\end{matrix}\right.\)
- TH1: \(a=b\Rightarrow x^2-6x=x+3\Leftrightarrow x^2-7x-3=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{7+\sqrt{61}}{2}\left(tm\right)\\\dfrac{7-\sqrt{61}}{2}\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
-TH2: \(2a=3b\Leftrightarrow4a^2=9b^2\\ \Leftrightarrow4\left(x^2-6x\right)=9\left(x+3\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow4x^2-33x-27=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=9\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{-3}{4}\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy pt có 2 nghiệm \(x=\dfrac{7+\sqrt{61}}{2};x=9\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
điều kiện xác định : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\x^2-3x-18\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\le-3\\x\ge6\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x\ge6\)
ta đưa phương trình về dạng hệ quả của nó :
\(\sqrt{5x^2+4x}-\sqrt{x^2-3x-18}=5\sqrt{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{5x^2+4x}=\sqrt{x^2-3x-18}+5\sqrt{x}\)\(\Leftrightarrow5x^2+4x=x^2+22x-18+10\sqrt{x^3-3x^2-18x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-18x+18=10\sqrt{x^3-3x^2-18x}\)
giải tiếp đi nha ...DƯƠNG PHAN KHÁNH DƯƠNG
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vô đây Câu hỏi của Phan hữu Dũng - Toán lớp 9 - Học toán với OnlineMath
Cho mình copy nhé:
Đặt \(\sqrt{3x-2}=a;\sqrt{x-1}=b\left(a,b\ge0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\begin{cases}a^2=3x-2\\b^2=x-1\end{cases}\)\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2=4x-3\)
\(pt\Leftrightarrow a+b=a^2+b^2-6+2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2-6+2ab-a-b=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a+b\right)-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2+2\left(a+b\right)-3\left(a+b\right)-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b+2\right)-3\left(a+b+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b-3\right)\left(a+b+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=3\)hoặc\(a+b=-2\)(loại,vì a\(\ge\)0;b\(\ge\)0 =>a+b\(\ge\)0)
- Với a+b=3
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3x-2}+\sqrt{x-1}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3x-2}=3-\sqrt{x-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow3x-2=9+x-1-6\sqrt{x-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow2x-10=-6\sqrt{x-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow4x^2-40x+100=36\left(x-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow4x^2-76x+1236=0\)
\(\Rightarrow4x^2-8x-68x+136=0\)
\(\Rightarrow4x\left(x-2\right)-68\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(4x-68\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x=17\left(loai\right)\\x=2\left(TM\right)\end{array}\right.\)
Vậy phương trình đã cho có nghiệm là x=2
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\(\sqrt{5x^2+4x}-\sqrt{x^2-3x-18}=5\sqrt{x}\)
ĐK:\(x\ge 6\)
\(pt\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{5x^2+4x}-21\right)-\left(\sqrt{x^2-3x-18}-6\right)=5\sqrt{x}-15\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5x^2+4x-441}{\sqrt{5x^2+4x}+21}-\dfrac{x^2-3x-18-36}{\sqrt{x^2-3x-18}+6}=\dfrac{25x-225}{5\sqrt{x}+15}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x-9\right)\left(5x+49\right)}{\sqrt{5x^2+4x}+21}-\dfrac{\left(x-9\right)\left(x+6\right)}{\sqrt{x^2-3x-18}+6}-\dfrac{25\left(x-9\right)}{5\sqrt{x}+15}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-9\right)\left(\dfrac{5x+49}{\sqrt{5x^2+4x}+21}-\dfrac{x+6}{\sqrt{x^2-3x-18}+6}-\dfrac{x-9}{5\sqrt{x}+15}\right)=0\)
Dễ thấy: \(\dfrac{5x+49}{\sqrt{5x^2+4x}+21}-\dfrac{x+6}{\sqrt{x^2-3x-18}+6}-\dfrac{x-9}{5\sqrt{x}+15}>0\)
\(\Rightarrow x-9=0\Rightarrow x=9\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(5x^2+4x+7-4x\sqrt{x^2+x+2}-4\sqrt{3x+1}=0\)
ĐK: \(x\ge-\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5x^2+4x-9-\left(4x\sqrt{x^2+x+2}-8\right)-\left(4\sqrt{3x+1}-8\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(5x+9\right)-4\frac{x^2\left(x^2+x+2\right)-4}{x\sqrt{x^2+x+2}+2}-4\frac{3x+1-4}{\sqrt{3x+1}+2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(5x+9\right)-4\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^3+2x^2+4x+4\right)}{x\sqrt{x^2+x+2}+2}-4\frac{3\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{3x+1}+2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(5x+9-4\frac{\left(x^3+2x^2+4x+4\right)}{x\sqrt{x^2+x+2}+2}-4\frac{3}{\sqrt{3x+1}+2}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
\(ĐKXĐ:x\ge\frac{-1}{3}\)
\(5x^2+4x+7-4x\sqrt{x^2+x+2}-4\sqrt{3x+1}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+x+2-4x\sqrt{x^2+x+2}+4x\right)\)\(+\left(3x+1-4\sqrt{3x+1}+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x^2+x+2}-2x\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{3x+1}-2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x^2+x+2}=2x\\\sqrt{3x+1}=2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x>0\\x^2+x+2=4x\\3x+1=4\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
Vậy nghiệm duy nhất của phương trình là x = 1
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a)
\(\sqrt{3x^2+6x+7}+\sqrt{5x^2+10x+21}=5-2x-x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3\left(x+1\right)^2+4}+\sqrt{5\left(x+1\right)^2+16}=6-\left(x+1\right)^2\)
\(VT\ge6;VP\le6\Rightarrow VT=VP=6\)
Vậy pt có một nghiệm duy nhất là \(x=-1\)
b)
\(\sqrt{4x^2+20x+25}+\sqrt{x^2-8x+16}=\sqrt{x^2+18x+81}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(2x+5\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(x-4\right)^2}=\sqrt{\left(x+9\right)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|2x+5\right|+\left|x-4\right|=\left|x+9\right|\)
Lập bảng xét dấu ra nhé ~^o^~
\(ĐK:x\ge3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5x^2+4=x^2+22x-18+10\sqrt{x.x-6.x+3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-18x+18=10\sqrt{x+3.x^2-6x}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4.x^2-6x+6.x+3-10\sqrt{x+3.x^2-6x}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x^2-6x}-3\sqrt{x+3}.\sqrt{x^2-6x}-\sqrt{x+3}=0\)
ĐÁP SỐ là mấy vậy