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\(Đặt:n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ PTHH:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=5,1\\22,4a+22,4.1,5.b=5,6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ a,\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{5,1}.100\approx47,059\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx100\%-47,059\%\approx52,941\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.\left(0,1+0,1.1,5\right)=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)
a)\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
x 2x x x
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
y 3y y 1,5y
Ta có hệ:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=5,1\\x+1,5y=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot24}{5,1}\cdot100\%=47,06\%\)
\(\%m_{Al}=100\%-47,06\%=52,94\%\)
b)\(\Sigma n_{HCl}=2x+3y=2\cdot0,1+3\cdot0,1=0,5mol\)
\(V=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25l=250ml\)
$a\bigg)$
Đặt $n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)$
$\to 27x+56y=22(1)$
BTe: $1,5x+y=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8(2)$
Từ $(1)(2)\to x=0,4(mol);y=0,2(mol)$
$\to \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,4.27}{22}.100\%\approx 49,09\%$
$\to \%m_{Fe}=100-49,09=50,91\%$
$b\bigg)$
Bảo toàn H: $n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=1,6(mol)$
$\to m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1,6.36,5}{25\%}=233,6(g)$
$\to m_{dd\, sau}=22+233,6-0,8.2=254(g)$
Bảo toàn Al,Fe: $n_{AlCl_3}=0,4(mol);n_{FeCl_2}=0,2(mol)$
$\to \begin{cases} C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,4.133,5}{254}.100\%\approx 21,02\%\\ C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{254}.100\%=10\% \end{cases}$
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,2\cdot4=0,8mol\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(x\) \(\rightarrow\) \(3x\) \(x\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(y\) \(\rightarrow\) \(2y\) \(y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+65y=11,9\\3x+2y=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{11,9}\cdot100\%=45,38\%\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=100\%-45,38\%=54,62\%\)
b)\(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot0,2+0,1=0,4mol\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,4\cdot22.4=8,96l\)
Gọi số mol Zn, Al là a, b (mol)
=> 65a + 27b = 18,4 (1)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
b-->0,75b
2Zn + O2 --to--> 2ZnO
a-->0,5a
=> 0,5a + 0,75b = 0,25 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,2 (mol); b = 0,2 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,2.65}{18,4}.100\%=70,65\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{18,4}.100\%=29,35\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(2Zn+O_2\rightarrow 2ZnO \)
\(4Al+3O_2\rightarrow 2Al_2O_3 \)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25(mol) \)
\(Theo PT : x = 0,2 mol ; y = 0,2 mol \)
\(\%\)\(m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,2.65}{18,4}.100\)\(\%\)\(=70,65 \)\(\%\)
\(\%\)\(m_{Al}=100\)\(\%\)\(-70,65=29,35\)\(\%\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
x 3x x 1,5x
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
y 2y y y
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=22\\1,5x+y=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,4\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Al}=0,4\cdot27=10,8g\)
\(m_{Fe}=22-10,8=11,2g\)
\(m_{HCl}=36,5\cdot\left(3x+2y\right)=36,5\cdot\left(3\cdot0,4+2\cdot0,2\right)=58,4g\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{m_{HCl}}{C\%}\cdot100\%=\dfrac{58,4}{25\%}\cdot100\%=233,6g\)
\(Đặt:n_{Al}=u\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=v\left(mol\right)\left(u,v>0\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56u=22\\1,5a+u=0,8\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,4\\u=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,4.27=10,8\left(g\right);m_{Fe}=56.0,2=11,2\left(g\right)\\ n_{HCl}=2.0,8=1,6\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=1,6.36,5=58,4\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{58,4.100}{25}=233,6\left(g\right)\)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol Zn, Al là a, b
=> 65a + 27b = 18,4 (1)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
a----->2a------------->a
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b---->3b------------->1,5b
=> a + 1,5b = 0,5 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,2 ; b = 0,2
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) nHCl(pư) = 2a + 3b = 1 (mol)
nHCl(dư) = 0,6.2 - 1 = 0,2 (mol)
PTHH: KOH + HCl --> KCl + H2O
0,2<----0,2
=> \(V=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,6.2=1,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ a,n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=1,2-2.n_{H_2}=1,2-2.0,5=0,2\left(mol\right)\\PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Đặt:n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65a+27b=18,4\\a+1,5b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right);m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\ b,KOH+HCl_{dư}\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\\ n_{KOH}=n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2\left(l\right)\)
a)
$Zn + S \xrightarrow{t^o} ZnS$
$n_{Zn} =\dfrac{9,75}{65} = 0,15 > n_S = \dfrac{3,84}{32} = 0,12$ nên Zn dư
$n_{ZnS} = n_S = 0,12(mol)$
$m_{ZnS} = 0,12.97 = 11,64(gam)$
$n_{Zn\ dư} = 0,15 - 0,12 = 0,03(mol)$
$m_{Zn\ dư} = 0,03.65 = 1,95(gam)$
b)
$Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2$
$ZnS + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2S$
$n_{khí} = n_{H_2} + n_{H_2S} = n_{Zn\ dư} + n_{ZnS} = 0,15(mol)$
$V = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36(lít)$
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{9.75}{65}=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_S=\dfrac{3.84}{32}=0.12\left(mol\right)\)
\(Zn+S\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}ZnS\)
Lập tỉ lệ :
\(\dfrac{0.15}{1}>\dfrac{0.12}{1}\Rightarrow Zndư\)
\(a.\)
\(m_X=m_{ZnS}+m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0.12\cdot97+\left(0.15-0.12\right)\cdot65=13.59\left(g\right)\)
\(b.\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.03..................................0.03\)
\(ZnS+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2S\)
\(0.12.................................0.12\)
\(V_{khí}=0.03\cdot22.4+0.12\cdot22.4=3.36\left(l\right)\)
a) 2Al+6HCl---.>2AlCl3+3H2
x-------------------------------1,5x
Zn+2HCl--->ZnCl2+H2
y-----------------------------y
n H2=5,6/22,4=0,25(mol)
Theo bài ra ta có hpt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+65y=9,2\\1,5x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
%m Al=0,1.27/9,2.100%=29,35%
%m Zn=100%-29,35=70,65%
b)m muối=0,1.133,5+0,1.136=26,95(g
a) 2Zn+O2--->2ZnO
x----------0,5x
4Al+3O2--->2Al2O3
y-------0,75y
n O2=5,6/22,4=0,25(mol)
Theo bài ta có hpt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+27y=18,4\\0,5x+0,75y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
%m Zn =0,2.65/18,4.100%=71,43%
%m Al=100%-71,43=28,57%
b) Zn+2HCl--->ZnCl2+H2(1)
2Al+6HCl---->2AlCl3+3H2(2)
Nếu cho 9,2g hh X như trên thì n Zn=n Al=0,1(mol)
theo pthh1
n H2=n Zn=0,1(mol)
Theo pthh2
n H2=3/2n Al=0,15(mol)
Tổng n H2=0,25(mol)
V H2=0,25.22,4=5,6(l)