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Xét hiệu VT - VP
\(\dfrac{a+b}{bc+a^2}+\dfrac{b+c}{ab+b^2}+\dfrac{c+a}{ab+c^2}-\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{a^2+ab-bc-a^2}{a\left(bc+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2+bc-ac-b^2}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2+ac-ab-c^2}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{b\left(a-c\right)}{a\left(bc+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{c\left(b-a\right)}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{a\left(c-b\right)}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}\)
Do a,b,c bình đẳng nên giả sử a\(\ge\)b\(\ge\)c, khi đó \(b\left(a-c\right)\)\(\ge\)0, c(b-a)\(\le\)0, a(c-b)\(\le\)0
\(a^3\ge b^3\ge c^3=>abc+a^3\ge abc+b^3\ge abc+c^3\)=>\(\dfrac{b\left(a-c\right)}{a\left(bc+a^2\right)}\le\dfrac{b\left(a-c\right)}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}\)
=> VT -VP \(\le\) \(\dfrac{b\left(a-c\right)}{a\left(bc+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{c\left(b-a\right)}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{a\left(c-b\right)}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{ab-ac}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{ac-ab}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{a\left(b-c\right)}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}-\dfrac{a\left(b-c\right)}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}\)
mà \(\dfrac{1}{b\left(ac+b^2\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{c\left(ab+c^2\right)}\) nên VT-VP <0 đpcm
Cho 3 số dương a, b, c. Chứng minh:\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{c^2+a^2}{c+a}\le3\left(\dfrac{a^2+... - Hoc24
tham khảo ^^
a/(b+c) + b/(a+c) + c/(a+b) = a^2/(ab+ac) + b^2/(ba+bc) + c^2/(ac+bc) >=
(a+b+c)^2/(2.(ab+bc+ac) (buhihacopxki dạng phân thức)
>= (3.(ab+bc+ac)/(2(ab+bc+ac) =3/2
a^2/(b^2+c^2) + b^2/(a^2+c^2) + c^2/(a^2+b^2) >= (a+b+c)^2/(2.(a^2+b^2+c^2) (buhihacopxki dạng phân thức)
>= 3(a^2+b^2+c^2) / 2(a^2+b^2+c^2) >=3/2
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}-\dfrac{3}{2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c+a}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{c}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{2a-b-c}{2\left(b+c\right)}\right)+\left(\dfrac{2b-a-c}{2\left(a+c\right)}\right)+\left(\dfrac{2c-a-b}{2\left(a+b\right)}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b+a-c}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b-a+b-c}{2\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{c-a+c-b}{2\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a-c}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b-a}{2\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{b-c}{2\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{c-a}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{c-b}{2\left(a+b\right)}\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left[\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}\right]+\left(a-c\right)\left[\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}\right]+\left(b-c\right)\left[\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}\right]\ge0\)
ta có: a,b,c là 3 số dương bất kì nên ta giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\)
\(\Rightarrow a+c\ge b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a+c\right)\ge2\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}\ge0\)
Mà \(a\ge b\Rightarrow a-b\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left[\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}\right]\ge0\left(1\right)\)
Chứng minh tương tự, ta có:
\(\left(a-c\right)\left[\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}\right]\ge0\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(b-c\right)\left[\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}\right]\ge0\left(3\right)\)
Cộng từng vế (1);(2);(3) \(\Rightarrow\) luôn đúng
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Bài 1:a,b,c ba cạnh tam giác => a,b,c dương
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+c>b\\a+b>c\\b+c>a\end{matrix}\right.\) ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{y}< \dfrac{x+p}{y+p}\forall_{x,y,p>0\&x< y}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a+c}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}< \dfrac{a+c+c}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b+b}{a+b+c}=\)
\(=\dfrac{a+b+c+b+c}{a+b+c}< \dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(A+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}< \dfrac{2\left(b+a+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2=VP\)
p/s: đề sao làm vậy:
mình nghi đề phải thế này: \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}< 2\) cách làm đơn giản hơn
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(VT=\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{b+c+a+c+a+b}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=VP\)
AM-GM:
\(\dfrac{a}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b^2}\cdot\dfrac{1}{a}}=\dfrac{2}{b}\)
\(\dfrac{b}{c^2}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{2}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{2}{a}\)
Cộng vế theo vế ta có:\(\dfrac{a}{b^2}+\dfrac{b}{c^2}+\dfrac{c}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b^2}+\dfrac{b}{c^2}+\dfrac{c}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)(đpcm)
Vì a,b,c là các số dương \(\Rightarrow\) a,b,c > 0
Vì a,b,c > 0,Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel,ta được:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\)\(\geq\) \(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{b+c+c+a+a+b}\)(1)
Mà \(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{b+c+c+a+a+b}\) = \(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\)=\(\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)(2)
Từ (1),(2) \(\Rightarrow\) \(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\) \(\geq\) \(\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c.
Cách 2 : Vì a,b,c là các số dương \(\Rightarrow\) \(\dfrac{a+b}{4}>0,\dfrac{b+c}{4}>0,\dfrac{c+a}{4}>0\)
Áp dụng bất dẳng thức AM - GM cho các số không âm , ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{4}\ge a\)
\(\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c+a}{4}\ge b\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{a+b}{4}\ge c\)
Cộng vế theo vế , ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{a+c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}\ge a+b+c\)
Trừ cả hai vế cho \(\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\) , ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)