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x4+2012x2+2011x+2012
=(x4-x)+(2012x2+2012x+2012)
=x(x3-1)+2012(x2+x+1)
=x(x-1) (x2+x+1) + 2012 (x2+x+1)
=(x2+x+1) [x(x-1)+2012]
=(x2+x+1) (x2-x+2012)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
1) \(\left(x^2+3x+1\right)^2-1=\left(x^2+3x\right)\left(x^2+3x+2\right)=x\left(x+3\right)\left[\left(x^2+2x\right)+\left(x+2\right)\right]\)
\(=x\left(x+3\right)\left[x\left(x+2\right)+\left(x+2\right)\right]=x\left(x+3\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\)
2) \(x^4+2012x^2+2011x+2012\)
\(=\left(x^4-x\right)+\left(2012x^2+2012x+2012\right)\)
\(=x\left(x^3-1\right)+2012\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(=x\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)+2012\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left[x\left(x-1\right)+2012\right]\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+2012\right)\)
Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử
a) (x+y+z)^3 - x^3 - y^3 - z^3
b) x^4 + 2012x^2 + 2011x + 2012
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
= x3 + y3 + z3 + 3x2yz + 3xy2z + 3xyz2 - x3 -y3 - z3
=3x2yz + 3xy2z + 3xyz2
= 3xyz( x + y + z)
b.
x^4+2012x^2+2012x-x+2012=
(x^4-x)+2012(x^2+x+1)=
x(x-1)(x^2+x+1)+2012(x^2+x+1)=
(x+2012)(x^2+x+1)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \(\left(x+y+z\right)^3-x^3-y^3-z^3\)
\(=\left[\left(x+y\right)+z\right]^3-x^3-y^3-z^3\)
\(=\left[\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3+3.\left(x+y\right).z.\left(x+y+z\right)\right]-x^3-y^3-z^3\)
\(=\left[x^3+y^3+3xy.\left(x+y\right)+z^3+3\left(x+y\right).z.\left(x+y+z\right)\right]-x^3-y^3-z^3\)
\(=3xy\left(x+y\right)+3\left(x+y\right)z.\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=3.\left(x+y\right)\left(xy+zx+zy+z^2\right)\)
\(=3.\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\)
b) \(x^4+2012x^2+2011x+2012\)
\(=x^4-x+2012x^2+2012x+2012\)
\(=x.\left(x^3-1\right)+2012.\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(=x.\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)+2012.\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+2012\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a\text{)}\left(x+y+z\right)^3-x^3-y^3-z^3\)
\(=\left(x+y+z-x\right)\left[\left(x+y+z\right)^2+x\left(x+y+z\right)+x^2\right]-\left(y^3+z^3\right)\)
\(=\left(y+z\right)\left(3x^2+y^2+z^2+3xy+3xz+2yz\right)-\left(y+z\right)\left(y^2-yz+z^2\right)\)
\(=\left(y+z\right)\left(3x^2+y^2+z^2+3xy+3xz+2yz-y^2+yz-z^2\right)\)
\(=\left(y+z\right)\left(3x^2+3xy+3yz+3xz\right)\)
\(=3\left(y+z\right)\left(x^2+xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(=3\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\)
\(b\text{)}x^4+2012x^2+2011x+2012\)
\(=\left(x^4-x\right)+\left(2012x^2+2012x+2012\right)\)
\(=x\left(x^3-1\right)+2012\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(=x\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)+2012\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-x\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)+2012\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-x+2012\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Áp dụng định lý Bezout, số dư của phép chia f(x) cho g(x) là \(f\left(1\right)\)
\(f\left(1\right)=1+2-3-4+...-2011-2012\)
\(=-2-2-2-....-2\) (\(\frac{2012}{2}=1006\) số -2)
\(=-2012\)
Vậy số dư là \(-2012\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
x4+2012x2+2012x+2012
=(x4-x)+(2012x2+2012x+2012)
=x(x3-1)+2012(x2+x+1)
=x(x-1) (x2+x+1) + 2012 (x2+x+1)
=(x2+x+1) [x(x-1)+2012]
=(x2+x+1) (x2-x+2012)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Với x = 2011 => x + 1 = 2012
=> A = x10 - ( x + 1 )x9 + ( x + 1)x8 - ( x+ 1)x7 + ( x + 1 )x6 - ( x + 1 )x5+ ( x + 1 )x4 - ( x + 1 )x3 + ( x + 1)x2 - ( x + 1 )x + 2012
= x10 - x10 - x9 + x9 + x8 - x8 - x7 + x7+ x6- x6 - x5 + x5 + x4 - x4 - x3 + x3 + x2 - x2 - x + 2012
= -x + 2012
Thay x=2011 vào ta được: ( - 2011 ) + 2012 = 1
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(x^4+2012x^2-2011x+2012=x^4+x^2+2011(x^2-x+\frac{1}{4})+\frac{6037}{4}\)
\(=x^4+x^2+2011(x-\frac{1}{2})^2+\frac{6037}{4}\)
Vì \(x^4\geq 0,x^2\geq 0, (x-\frac{1}{2})^2\geq 0, \forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow x^4+x^2+2011(x-\frac{1}{2})^2+\frac{6037}{4}\geq \frac{6037}{4}>0\) với mọi $x$
Ta có đpcm.