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Bài toán cơ bản:
\(abc=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}=1\)
Bunhiacopxki:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{c}{\left(ac+c+1\right)^2}\right)\ge\left(\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{c}{\left(ac+c+1\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Ta có:
\(x^4+y^4\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.2xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)=xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
Áp dụng:
\(P\le\dfrac{a}{a+bc\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{b}{b+ca\left(c^2+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{c}{c+ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
\(P\le\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+abc\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+abc\left(c^2+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+abc\left(a^2+b^2\right)}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(VT=\frac{b^2c^2}{b+c}+\frac{a^2c^2}{a+c}+\frac{a^2b^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\ge\frac{3abc\left(a+b+c\right)}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Do \(a\) và \(\frac{1}{a}\) luôn cùng dấu
\(\Rightarrow\left|a+\frac{1}{a}\right|=\left|a\right|+\frac{1}{\left|a\right|}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left|a\right|}{\left|a\right|}}=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=\pm1\)
Ap dung bo de : \(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-1}\le\sqrt{xy}\left(x,y\ge1\right)\) (1)
(1) <=> \(2\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}\le\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)+1\) (dung theo AM-GM)
Ta co \(VT\le\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{c-1}\le\sqrt{c\left(ab+1\right)}=VP\)
Dau = xay ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)=1\\\left(ab+1\right)\left(c-1\right)=1\end{cases}}\)
Trước hết, ta đi chứng minh bổ đề: \(\sqrt{p-1}+\sqrt{q-1}\le\sqrt{pq}\)(*) (với \(p,q\ge1\))
Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{p-1}+\sqrt{q-1}\right)^2\le pq\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(p-1\right)+\left(q-1\right)+2\sqrt{\left(p-1\right)\left(q-1\right)}\le pq\)\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{\left(p-1\right)\left(q-1\right)}\le\left(pq-p-q+1\right)+1\) \(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{\left(p-1\right)\left(q-1\right)}\le\left(p-1\right)\left(q-1\right)+1\)
Bất đẳng thức cuối đúng theo bất đẳng thức AM - GM vì \(\left(p-1\right)\left(q-1\right)+1\ge2\sqrt{\left(p-1\right)\left(q-1\right).1}=2\sqrt{\left(p-1\right)\left(q-1\right)}\)
Như vậy, ta đã chứng minh được bất đẳng thức phụ: \(\sqrt{p-1}+\sqrt{q-1}\le\sqrt{pq}\)(với \(p,q\ge1\))
Áp dụng vào bài toán, ta được: \(\sqrt{a-1}+\sqrt{b-1}+\sqrt{c-1}\le\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{c-1}\)\(=\sqrt{\left(ab+1\right)-1}+\sqrt{c-1}\le\sqrt{c\left(ab+1\right)}\)(q.e.d)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)=1\\ab\left(c-1\right)=1\end{cases}}\)
Xét
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}\) \(\left(II\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{a}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{b}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{c}{c}\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1+1+1+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{b}{c}++\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\ge6\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho các số dương ta có :
+) \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{a}}=2\left(1\right)\)
+) \(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a}{c}.\frac{c}{a}}=2\left(2\right)\)
+) \(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b}{c}.\frac{c}{b}}=2\left(3\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế của các BĐT \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(3\right)\) ta có :
\(\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\ge2+2+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{b}+\frac{b}{c}\right)\ge6\left(I\right)\)
Vì các BĐT \(\left(I\right);\left(II\right)\) là tương đương nên BĐT (I) luôn đúng \(\Leftrightarrow\) BĐT (2) luôn đúng
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Vậy \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Cái này điều kiện phải là a,b,c dương
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
\(VT=3+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\ge3+2\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{a}}+2\sqrt{\frac{b}{c}.\frac{c}{b}}+2\sqrt{\frac{c}{a}.\frac{a}{c}}\)
\(=3+2+2+2=9\left(đpcm\right)\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
a/d bất đẳng thức cosi:
1+a\(\ge\)2\(\sqrt{a}\)
1+b\(\ge\)2\(\sqrt{b}\)
1+c\(\ge\)2\(\sqrt{c}\)
ta có (1+a).(1+b).(1+c)\(\ge\)2\(\sqrt{a}\) . 2\(\sqrt{b}\) . 2\(\sqrt{c}\)
(1+a).(1+b).(1+c)\(\ge\)8.\(\sqrt{a.b.c}\)
(1+a).(1+b).(1+c)\(\ge\)8.\(\sqrt{25}\)
(1+a).(1+b).(1+c)\(\ge\)40
mik ko chắc nữa :))