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\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{a}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+y}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{z}-\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+y}{xy}+\dfrac{x+y}{z\left(x+y+z\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(xy+yz+zx+z^2\right)}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\y+z=0\\z+x=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}z=a\\x=a\\y=a\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(x=\dfrac{c^2}{ab}\); \(y=\dfrac{a^2}{bc}\); \(z=\dfrac{b^2}{ac}\)
\(\Rightarrow xyz=1\) là điều hiển nhiên
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương
\(\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{c^2}{ab}\right)^2}{\left(\dfrac{c^2}{ab}-1\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{a^2}{bc}\right)^2}{\left(\dfrac{a^2}{bc}-1\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{b^2}{ac}\right)^2}{\left(\dfrac{b^2}{ac}-1\right)^2}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{c^4}{\left(c^2-ab\right)^2}+\dfrac{a^4}{\left(a^2-bc\right)^2}+\dfrac{b^4}{\left(b^2-ac\right)^2}\ge1\)
Áp dụng BĐT C.B.S
\(\dfrac{c^4}{\left(c^2-ab\right)^2}+\dfrac{a^4}{\left(a^2-bc\right)^2}+\dfrac{b^4}{\left(b^2-ac\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\left(c^2-ab\right)^2+\left(a^2-bc\right)^2+\left(b^2-ac\right)^2}\)ta phải chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\left(c^2-ab\right)^2+\left(a^2-bc\right)^2+\left(b^2-ac\right)^2}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4+2\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2\right)\ge a^4+b^4+c^4+a^2b^2+b^2c^2+a^2c^2-2\left(abc^2+a^2bc+b^2ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2\left(ab^2c+abc^2+a^2bc\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ac\right)^2\ge0\) ( luôn đúng )
ĐK: \(x,y,z,x+y+z\ne0\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{z}-\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y}{xy}+\dfrac{x+y}{z\left(x+y+z\right)}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{z\left(x+y+z\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(\dfrac{xy+yz+zx+z^2}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(\dfrac{\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\y+z=0\\z+x=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\y=-z\\z=-x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\circledast x=-y\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}=\dfrac{1}{-y^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}=\dfrac{1}{z^3}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x^3+y^3+z^3}=\dfrac{1}{-y^3+y^3+z^3}=\dfrac{1}{z^3}\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}=\dfrac{1}{x^3+y^3+z^3}\)
Lầm tương tự với hai trường hợp còn lại ta có đpcm 
Lời giải:
Sử dụng điều kiện \(xyz=1\):
\(x+y+z=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \left(x-\frac{1}{x}\right)+(y+z)-\left(\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{x^2-1}{x}+(y+z)-\frac{(y+z)}{yz}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow yz(x^2-1)+(y+z)-x(y+z)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-1)(xyz+yz)-(y+z)(x-1)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-1)(1+yz)-(y+z)(x-1)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-1)(yz+1-y-z)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-1)(y-1)(z-1)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1\\z=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nghĩa là ít nhất một trong ba số có giá trị bằng 1 (đpcm)
1.
Ta có:
\(x^4+y^4\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x^2+y^2\right)xy\)
Đặt vế trái của BĐT cần chứng minh là P, áp dụng bồ đề vừa chứng minh ta có:
\(P\le\dfrac{a.abc}{bc\left(b^2+c^2\right)+a.abc}+\dfrac{b.abc}{ca\left(c^2+a^2\right)+b.abc}+\dfrac{c.abc}{ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)+c.abc}\)
\(P\le\dfrac{a^2.bc}{bc\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2.ac}{ca\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2.ab}{ab\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
2.
\(\dfrac{x^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{y^2}{z+x}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+y}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
1.
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\dfrac{a}{2a+a+b+c}=\dfrac{a}{25}.\dfrac{\left(2+3\right)^2}{2a+a+b+c}\le\dfrac{a}{25}\left(\dfrac{2^2}{2a}+\dfrac{3^2}{a+b+c}\right)=\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{b}{3b+a+c}\le\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{b}{a+b+c}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{a+b+3c}\le\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{c}{a+b+c}\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{6}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{3}{5}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
2.
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{x-1}=a;\dfrac{y}{y-1}=b;\dfrac{z}{z-1}=c\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{x-1}=a\Rightarrow x=ax-a\Rightarrow a=x\left(a-1\right)\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{a}{a-1}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(y=\dfrac{b}{b-1}\) ; \(z=\dfrac{c}{c-1}\)
Biến đổi giả thiết:
\(xyz=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{abc}{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow abc=\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=a+b+c-1\)
BĐT cần chứng minh trở thành:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(a+b+c-1\right)\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c-1\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
từ x+y+z=a và \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=a\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\)
<=>(xy+yz+xz)(x+y+z)=xyz
Từ đó bạn nhân phá ngoặc rồi biến phương trình trên về dạng:
(x+y)(y+z)(z+x)=0
=> x=-y =>z=a
hoặc y=-z =>x=a
hoặc z=-x =>y=a.
Mik nghĩ vậy nhé!
Dòng thứ ba bị sai rồi!